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Suessia
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Suessia, Morbey, 1975, p. 38; Emendation: Below, 1987a, p.87.
In proposing the name Baserus, Özdikmen (2009, p.237) considered Suessia Morbey to be illegitimate because it is a junior homonym of Suessia Deslongchamps 1855; however, Suessia Deslongchamps is an animal and under the I.C.N. it does not pre-empt Suessia Morbey.
Type species: Suessia swabiana, Morbey, 1975 (pl.14, fig.5; pl.17, fig.4; text-figs.12a–c)]
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Original description: [Morbey, 1975]:
Description:
Cyst spheroidal, ovoidal, spherical; proximate, pseudocavate, tabulate. Wall thin, membranous, periphragm closely appressed to or partially detached from endophragm. Cingulum laevorotatory. Sulcus poorly defined, circumscribed by sulcal plate-equivalents of ventral area.
Archeopyle: a combination of apical and anterior intercalary plate-equivalents (`plates`).
Tabulation complex, defined by aseptate platebounding sutures. ?4 apical (?4`), n anterior intercalary (na), n postapical (nap), n precingular (n"), n cingular (nc), n postcingular (n```), n posterior intercalary (np), n preantapical (npa), 1 antapical (1````), and n sulcal `plates` (nS).
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Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 222:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate, subspherical; autophragm with 40 or more polygonal paraplates delimited by low parasutural features and arranged in nine latitudinal rows - one equatorial and four each on epicyst and hypocyst; combination archeopyle, Type "tAtI".
Description:
Shape: Subspherical, commonly modified by folding.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only or autophragm and indications of loosely adherent ectophragm.
Wall features: Low parasutural ridges delineate polygonal paraplates; autophragm variously ornamented with features of low relief.
Paratabulation: Indicated by latitudinal arrangement of paraplates into nine rows or series, conforming to the general formula n`, na, nap, n", nc, n```, np, npa, n````, ns, where ap = postapical and pa = preantapical. Formula for type species: ?4`, 3-6a, 7-9ap, 12-14``,12-14c, 12-14```, 7-9p, 6pa, 1````, 4-8s.
Archeopyle: Combination, Type "tAtl"; operculum apparently released as a single opercular piece.
Paracingulum: Indicated by 12 to 14 polygonal paraplates.
Parasulcus: Indicated by 4 to 8 polygonal paraplates.
Size: Small to intermediate.
Affinities:
Suessia is the only described dinoflagellate cyst possessing nine series of paraplates.
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Emended description:
Below, 1987: (Translation: Fensome, 1991496-497):
Description:
Arrangement of vesicles/plates on the dinoflagellate amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 5`, 3a-4a, 7n, 7c, 5```-6```, 2````, ns; partiform arrangement of 1```` and 2````; 1```` in contact with ps and central sulcus, 2```` pentagonal or hexagonal; as usually bounded dextrally by 5` and 7".
Cyst habit proximate, proximochorate, chorate, spheroidal ovaloidal ovoidal, biconical, peridinioid, acavate to cavate, of variable size, wall composed of pedium and luxuria; surface smooth, ornamented, nonareate or subdivided into areae by finate ornaments or limbi, multiserial multiareate areation formula NR[3]/n[3], NR[2]/n[2], NRa/n[a], NR[1]/n[1], NRc/Xc/nc, NR(1)/n(1), NR(2)/n(2), NR(3)/n(3), NR(4)/n(4), NRs/Xs/ns, sas, pas, rc/lc, pps und sps; areae individually variable in shape and number, between 70 and 100 small tetragonal to octagonal areae distributed as follows: 2 apicals 1[3] and 2[3], multiareate secanterior series n[2] (5-6), anterior intercalary n[a] (7-9), multiareate primanterior series n[1] (12-16), infrequent epicystal intercalary in variable position, multiareate cingulum (13-16), multiareate primposterior series n(1) (13-18), secposterior n(2) (9-14), tertposterior n(3) (7-10), and antapical quartposterior series n(4) (3) as well as a hypocystal intercalary with variable position; cingulum equatorial, cingulum and area series helicoid laevorotatory and displaced at the sulcus; sulcus subdivided into areae sas, pas, rs/ls, pps, and sps, pas and sas bounded dextrally by the terminal elements of two transverse series, disintegration archeopyle, tn[3] + tn[2] + n[a], operculum solvate, dividing into secate individual pieces and/or groups, general opercular formula 1[3](s) + 2[3](s) + 1[2](s) + 2[2](s) + 3[2](s) + 4[2](s) + n[2](s) + 1[a](s) + 2[a](s) + 3[a](s) + 4[a](s) + n[a](s)
Pellicle: habit: proximate, peridinioid, spheroidal, ovaloidal, ovoidal; surface glabrous, ornamented, nontabulate, with traces of the areation of the underlying cyst showing through in some places, or even areate areation formula NR PR/XPR, NR~/5`, NRa/3a-4a, NR"/7", NRc/Xc/7c NR```/5```-6```, NR````/2````, NRs/Xs/as + ps, ns; partiform arrangement of 1```` and 2````, 1```` in contact with ps and the central sulcus, 2```` hexagonal or pentagonal; pylome opened by irregular thinning, slitting, bursting, tearing, and bending away of the pellicle.
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Suessia Morbey, 1975, emend. Below, 1987a. Below (1987a, p.87) emended the diagnosis as follows. Arrangement of plates on the dinoflagellate amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 5`, 3-4a, 7", 7c, 5-6"' , 2"'' , ns; partiform arrangement of 1"'' and 2"'' > "" in contact with ps and central sulcus, 2"'' pentagonal or hexagonal; as usually bounded dextrally by 5` and 7". .... cyst habit proximate, proximochorate, chorate, spheroidal, ovaloidal, ovoidal, biconical, peridinioid, acavate to cavate, or variable size; wall composed of pedium and luxuria; surface smooth, ornamented, nonareate or subdivided into areae by finate ornaments or limbi, multiserial, multiaraeate; .... areae individually variable in shape and number, between 70 and 100 small tetragonal to octagonal areae distributed as follows: 2 apicals, multiareate secanterior series (5-6), anterior intercalary (7-9), multiareate primanterior series (12-16), infrequent epcystal intercalary in variable position, multiareate cingulum (13-16), multiareate primposterior series (13-18), secposterior (9-14), tertposterior (7-10), and antapical quartposterior series (3) as well as a hypocystal intercalary with variable position; cingulum equatorial, cingulum and area series helicoid laevorotatory and displaced at the sulcus; sulcus subdivided into areae sas, pas, rs/ls, pps, and sps, pas and sas bounded dextrally by the terminal elements of two transverse series; disintegration archeopyle, tn3 + tn2 + na, operculum solvate, dividing into secate individual pieces and/or groups. Stover and Evitt (1978, p.222) gave the following synopsis: Cysts proximate, subspherical; autophragm with 40 or more polygonal paraplates delimited by low parasutural features and arranged in nine latitudinal rows - one equatorial and four each on epicyst and hypocyst; combination archeopyle type (tAtI).
[Suessia, Morbey, 1975, p. 38; Emendation: Below, 1987a, p.87.
In proposing the name Baserus, Özdikmen (2009, p.237) considered Suessia Morbey to be illegitimate because it is a junior homonym of Suessia Deslongchamps 1855; however, Suessia Deslongchamps is an animal and under the I.C.N. it does not pre-empt Suessia Morbey.
Type species: Suessia swabiana, Morbey, 1975 (pl.14, fig.5; pl.17, fig.4; text-figs.12a–c)]
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Original description: [Morbey, 1975]:
Description:
Cyst spheroidal, ovoidal, spherical; proximate, pseudocavate, tabulate. Wall thin, membranous, periphragm closely appressed to or partially detached from endophragm. Cingulum laevorotatory. Sulcus poorly defined, circumscribed by sulcal plate-equivalents of ventral area.
Archeopyle: a combination of apical and anterior intercalary plate-equivalents (`plates`).
Tabulation complex, defined by aseptate platebounding sutures. ?4 apical (?4`), n anterior intercalary (na), n postapical (nap), n precingular (n"), n cingular (nc), n postcingular (n```), n posterior intercalary (np), n preantapical (npa), 1 antapical (1````), and n sulcal `plates` (nS).
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Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 222:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate, subspherical; autophragm with 40 or more polygonal paraplates delimited by low parasutural features and arranged in nine latitudinal rows - one equatorial and four each on epicyst and hypocyst; combination archeopyle, Type "tAtI".
Description:
Shape: Subspherical, commonly modified by folding.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only or autophragm and indications of loosely adherent ectophragm.
Wall features: Low parasutural ridges delineate polygonal paraplates; autophragm variously ornamented with features of low relief.
Paratabulation: Indicated by latitudinal arrangement of paraplates into nine rows or series, conforming to the general formula n`, na, nap, n", nc, n```, np, npa, n````, ns, where ap = postapical and pa = preantapical. Formula for type species: ?4`, 3-6a, 7-9ap, 12-14``,12-14c, 12-14```, 7-9p, 6pa, 1````, 4-8s.
Archeopyle: Combination, Type "tAtl"; operculum apparently released as a single opercular piece.
Paracingulum: Indicated by 12 to 14 polygonal paraplates.
Parasulcus: Indicated by 4 to 8 polygonal paraplates.
Size: Small to intermediate.
Affinities:
Suessia is the only described dinoflagellate cyst possessing nine series of paraplates.
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Emended description:
Below, 1987: (Translation: Fensome, 1991496-497):
Description:
Arrangement of vesicles/plates on the dinoflagellate amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 5`, 3a-4a, 7n, 7c, 5```-6```, 2````, ns; partiform arrangement of 1```` and 2````; 1```` in contact with ps and central sulcus, 2```` pentagonal or hexagonal; as usually bounded dextrally by 5` and 7".
Cyst habit proximate, proximochorate, chorate, spheroidal ovaloidal ovoidal, biconical, peridinioid, acavate to cavate, of variable size, wall composed of pedium and luxuria; surface smooth, ornamented, nonareate or subdivided into areae by finate ornaments or limbi, multiserial multiareate areation formula NR[3]/n[3], NR[2]/n[2], NRa/n[a], NR[1]/n[1], NRc/Xc/nc, NR(1)/n(1), NR(2)/n(2), NR(3)/n(3), NR(4)/n(4), NRs/Xs/ns, sas, pas, rc/lc, pps und sps; areae individually variable in shape and number, between 70 and 100 small tetragonal to octagonal areae distributed as follows: 2 apicals 1[3] and 2[3], multiareate secanterior series n[2] (5-6), anterior intercalary n[a] (7-9), multiareate primanterior series n[1] (12-16), infrequent epicystal intercalary in variable position, multiareate cingulum (13-16), multiareate primposterior series n(1) (13-18), secposterior n(2) (9-14), tertposterior n(3) (7-10), and antapical quartposterior series n(4) (3) as well as a hypocystal intercalary with variable position; cingulum equatorial, cingulum and area series helicoid laevorotatory and displaced at the sulcus; sulcus subdivided into areae sas, pas, rs/ls, pps, and sps, pas and sas bounded dextrally by the terminal elements of two transverse series, disintegration archeopyle, tn[3] + tn[2] + n[a], operculum solvate, dividing into secate individual pieces and/or groups, general opercular formula 1[3](s) + 2[3](s) + 1[2](s) + 2[2](s) + 3[2](s) + 4[2](s) + n[2](s) + 1[a](s) + 2[a](s) + 3[a](s) + 4[a](s) + n[a](s)
Pellicle: habit: proximate, peridinioid, spheroidal, ovaloidal, ovoidal; surface glabrous, ornamented, nontabulate, with traces of the areation of the underlying cyst showing through in some places, or even areate areation formula NR PR/XPR, NR~/5`, NRa/3a-4a, NR"/7", NRc/Xc/7c NR```/5```-6```, NR````/2````, NRs/Xs/as + ps, ns; partiform arrangement of 1```` and 2````, 1```` in contact with ps and the central sulcus, 2```` hexagonal or pentagonal; pylome opened by irregular thinning, slitting, bursting, tearing, and bending away of the pellicle.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Suessia Morbey, 1975, emend. Below, 1987a. Below (1987a, p.87) emended the diagnosis as follows. Arrangement of plates on the dinoflagellate amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 5`, 3-4a, 7", 7c, 5-6"' , 2"'' , ns; partiform arrangement of 1"'' and 2"'' > "" in contact with ps and central sulcus, 2"'' pentagonal or hexagonal; as usually bounded dextrally by 5` and 7". .... cyst habit proximate, proximochorate, chorate, spheroidal, ovaloidal, ovoidal, biconical, peridinioid, acavate to cavate, or variable size; wall composed of pedium and luxuria; surface smooth, ornamented, nonareate or subdivided into areae by finate ornaments or limbi, multiserial, multiaraeate; .... areae individually variable in shape and number, between 70 and 100 small tetragonal to octagonal areae distributed as follows: 2 apicals, multiareate secanterior series (5-6), anterior intercalary (7-9), multiareate primanterior series (12-16), infrequent epcystal intercalary in variable position, multiareate cingulum (13-16), multiareate primposterior series (13-18), secposterior (9-14), tertposterior (7-10), and antapical quartposterior series (3) as well as a hypocystal intercalary with variable position; cingulum equatorial, cingulum and area series helicoid laevorotatory and displaced at the sulcus; sulcus subdivided into areae sas, pas, rs/ls, pps, and sps, pas and sas bounded dextrally by the terminal elements of two transverse series; disintegration archeopyle, tn3 + tn2 + na, operculum solvate, dividing into secate individual pieces and/or groups. Stover and Evitt (1978, p.222) gave the following synopsis: Cysts proximate, subspherical; autophragm with 40 or more polygonal paraplates delimited by low parasutural features and arranged in nine latitudinal rows - one equatorial and four each on epicyst and hypocyst; combination archeopyle type (tAtI).