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Broomea
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Broomea, Cookson and Eisenack, 1958, p. 41; Emendation: Lentin and Williams, 1976, p. 143-144; Mantle, 2009a, p. 43–44.
Tax. sr. syn.: Pareodinia, according to Wiggins (1975, p.102) - however, Lentin and Williams (1976, p.144) retained Broomea
Type species: Broomea ramosa, Cookson and Eisenack, 1958 (pl.6, fig.7)]
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Original description: [Cookson and Eisenack, 1958]:
Description:
Test elongate with a longer apical horn and two shorter antapical horns. A shallow "girdle" situated below the middle of the body may be present. A pylome is developed in the apical region.
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Emended description:
Lentin and Williams, 1976:
Description:
Shape: Ambitus elongate ellipsoidal, prolonged into a long apical horn and two symmetrical located usually unequal antapical horns. The antapical horns may be simple or branched giving rise to several slender, tapered processes on each horn. Pericyst widest in the pericingular region. Epicyst considerably larger than hypopericyst.
Endocyst: Not observed.
Pericoels: Not applicable.
Phragma: Periphragm: Thin, surface laevigate to granulate. Endophragm: not observed.
Paratabulation: Pericyst: Paratabulation weakly indicated by parasutural ornamentation or indeterminate. Precise paratabulation formula unknown. The distinctive hexagonal outline of the archaeopyle suggests that there may be more than three anterior intercalaries.
Pericingulum: Present or absent; when present delineated by very low anterior and posterior parasutural ridges. Not indented.
Parasulcus: Not observed.
Endocyst: The endocyst has not been identified.
Achaeopyle: Periarchaeopyle: Hexagonal intercalary resulting from the partial or complete detachment of a single intercalary paraplate. The operculum is free or remains attached along the parasutures H2 and H6; these are the intercalary parasutures. The shape of the posterior parasuture indicates that the paraplate lost in archaeopyle formation was located between two precingular paraplates, and not directly above 4`` as in Type I archaeopyles from the post-Jurassic. This suggests that there are two or more than three anterior intercalaries. Endoarchaeopyle: Not identified. Archaeopyle formula: I.
Dimensions:
Pericyst: Length 176-314 μm, breadth 24-38 μm
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Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 96:
Synopsis:
Cyst proximate, compressed, elongate ellipsoidal, with a long apical horn and one or more antapical appendages; paratabulation indicated generally by archaeopyle only, other indications faint or lacking; epicyst longer than hypocyst; archaeopyle intercalary, Type I; archaeopyle index approximately 0.5.
Description:
Shape: Compressed, elongate ellipsoidal with a long apical horn and one or more antapical appendages; epicyst longer than hypocyst.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only.
Wall features: Parasutural features absent or weakly developed; hornlike antapical appendages composed of thickened, irregularly branched outgrowth of the autophragm, which is smooth or scabrate.
Paratabulation: Indicated generally by archaeopyle only, occasionally also by paracingulum and/or parasutural features normally in the area of the archaeopyle.
Archaeopyle: Intercalary, Type I (2a only); narrow and longitudinal elongate, archaeopyle index approximately 0.5; operculum free.
Paracingulum: Not indicated, or expressed weakly by one or more of the following transverse features: 1. low parasutural ridges; 2. faint alignment of ornamentation; 3. bandlike area lacking or with reduced ornamentation.
Parasulcus: Not indicated.
Size: Large.
Affinities:
Bromeea differs from Batioladinium in having an intercalary rather than an apical archaeopyle, and from Kalytea in having antapical hornlike appendages rather than a single antapical horn.
[Broomea, Cookson and Eisenack, 1958, p. 41; Emendation: Lentin and Williams, 1976, p. 143-144; Mantle, 2009a, p. 43–44.
Tax. sr. syn.: Pareodinia, according to Wiggins (1975, p.102) - however, Lentin and Williams (1976, p.144) retained Broomea
Type species: Broomea ramosa, Cookson and Eisenack, 1958 (pl.6, fig.7)]
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Original description: [Cookson and Eisenack, 1958]:
Description:
Test elongate with a longer apical horn and two shorter antapical horns. A shallow "girdle" situated below the middle of the body may be present. A pylome is developed in the apical region.
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Emended description:
Lentin and Williams, 1976:
Description:
Shape: Ambitus elongate ellipsoidal, prolonged into a long apical horn and two symmetrical located usually unequal antapical horns. The antapical horns may be simple or branched giving rise to several slender, tapered processes on each horn. Pericyst widest in the pericingular region. Epicyst considerably larger than hypopericyst.
Endocyst: Not observed.
Pericoels: Not applicable.
Phragma: Periphragm: Thin, surface laevigate to granulate. Endophragm: not observed.
Paratabulation: Pericyst: Paratabulation weakly indicated by parasutural ornamentation or indeterminate. Precise paratabulation formula unknown. The distinctive hexagonal outline of the archaeopyle suggests that there may be more than three anterior intercalaries.
Pericingulum: Present or absent; when present delineated by very low anterior and posterior parasutural ridges. Not indented.
Parasulcus: Not observed.
Endocyst: The endocyst has not been identified.
Achaeopyle: Periarchaeopyle: Hexagonal intercalary resulting from the partial or complete detachment of a single intercalary paraplate. The operculum is free or remains attached along the parasutures H2 and H6; these are the intercalary parasutures. The shape of the posterior parasuture indicates that the paraplate lost in archaeopyle formation was located between two precingular paraplates, and not directly above 4`` as in Type I archaeopyles from the post-Jurassic. This suggests that there are two or more than three anterior intercalaries. Endoarchaeopyle: Not identified. Archaeopyle formula: I.
Dimensions:
Pericyst: Length 176-314 μm, breadth 24-38 μm
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Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 96:
Synopsis:
Cyst proximate, compressed, elongate ellipsoidal, with a long apical horn and one or more antapical appendages; paratabulation indicated generally by archaeopyle only, other indications faint or lacking; epicyst longer than hypocyst; archaeopyle intercalary, Type I; archaeopyle index approximately 0.5.
Description:
Shape: Compressed, elongate ellipsoidal with a long apical horn and one or more antapical appendages; epicyst longer than hypocyst.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only.
Wall features: Parasutural features absent or weakly developed; hornlike antapical appendages composed of thickened, irregularly branched outgrowth of the autophragm, which is smooth or scabrate.
Paratabulation: Indicated generally by archaeopyle only, occasionally also by paracingulum and/or parasutural features normally in the area of the archaeopyle.
Archaeopyle: Intercalary, Type I (2a only); narrow and longitudinal elongate, archaeopyle index approximately 0.5; operculum free.
Paracingulum: Not indicated, or expressed weakly by one or more of the following transverse features: 1. low parasutural ridges; 2. faint alignment of ornamentation; 3. bandlike area lacking or with reduced ornamentation.
Parasulcus: Not indicated.
Size: Large.
Affinities:
Bromeea differs from Batioladinium in having an intercalary rather than an apical archaeopyle, and from Kalytea in having antapical hornlike appendages rather than a single antapical horn.