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Bulbodinium
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Bulbodinium, Wetzel, 1960, p. 82
possible tax. sr. synonym of Chatangiella Vozzhennikova, 1967, according to Lentin and Williams, 1976
Type species: Bulbodinium seitzii, Wetzel, 1960 (pl.1, fig.1)]
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Original description: [Wetzel, 1960]: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978)
Description:
Outline of shell somewhat elongate-pentagonal with rounded corners. Equatorial region ("middle body") as a rule conspicuous, often expanded in a more or less bulbous fashion and at least bounded apically and antapically by a darker transverse band ("marginal bands"), whereby the impression of a tripartite-shell is given. A true transverse furrow is seen only partly and with difficulty, indicated mainly on both sides of the equatorial zone by a pair of fine, more or less pointed projections ("lateral horns") on opposite sides of the shell surface. The longitudinal furrow forms a long, relatively deep depression. Epitheca drawn out apically into a cone, helmet or bell-like peak. Hypotheca rectangular to roundly trapezoidal in outline, rarely with a slightly concave antapical margin, and ending with an antapical horn at its extended corner. Several large, somewhat rectangular "windows" occur in the area of the girdle, above which and more rarely occurs a larger, rounded indentation
Earcheopyle?. A constantly developed, clear arrangement of plates is lacking; however, an indication of large fields is usually shown by darker,
undulating lines or a wide cover of numerous, small meshes, which are in part arranged in rows and bear marginally fine pores or bumps that form a coarsely granular surface. Through the thicker reticulate edges of the expanded projections, the equatorial region of the shell wall often seems coarsely wrinkled.
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Wetzel, 1961, p.341:
Supplemental description:
This form has the body divided into three rather than two segments. However, when some of my specimens were isolated chemically from the flintstone matrix, the very flat `girdle` of the equatorial region became distinct, or at least some parts of it. This structure seems to replace the transverse furrow characteristic of the typical dinoflagellates (peridinians), separating their epitheca and hypotheca from one another. Instead of a regular arrangement of plates, the wall of the typical Bulbodinium shell is more or less granular or areolar and has, at most, some wide fields with indistinct borders. The central portion of the body, which may be a highly inflated, block-shaped `capsule,` extends outward, and the epitheca may also extend outward, but less so, below the `apical` point, which is often blunted. The hypotheca has a square outline and may be prolonged into a `horn` at one of the terminal edges.
[Bulbodinium, Wetzel, 1960, p. 82
possible tax. sr. synonym of Chatangiella Vozzhennikova, 1967, according to Lentin and Williams, 1976
Type species: Bulbodinium seitzii, Wetzel, 1960 (pl.1, fig.1)]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Wetzel, 1960]: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978)
Description:
Outline of shell somewhat elongate-pentagonal with rounded corners. Equatorial region ("middle body") as a rule conspicuous, often expanded in a more or less bulbous fashion and at least bounded apically and antapically by a darker transverse band ("marginal bands"), whereby the impression of a tripartite-shell is given. A true transverse furrow is seen only partly and with difficulty, indicated mainly on both sides of the equatorial zone by a pair of fine, more or less pointed projections ("lateral horns") on opposite sides of the shell surface. The longitudinal furrow forms a long, relatively deep depression. Epitheca drawn out apically into a cone, helmet or bell-like peak. Hypotheca rectangular to roundly trapezoidal in outline, rarely with a slightly concave antapical margin, and ending with an antapical horn at its extended corner. Several large, somewhat rectangular "windows" occur in the area of the girdle, above which and more rarely occurs a larger, rounded indentation
Earcheopyle?. A constantly developed, clear arrangement of plates is lacking; however, an indication of large fields is usually shown by darker,
undulating lines or a wide cover of numerous, small meshes, which are in part arranged in rows and bear marginally fine pores or bumps that form a coarsely granular surface. Through the thicker reticulate edges of the expanded projections, the equatorial region of the shell wall often seems coarsely wrinkled.
--------------------------------------------
Wetzel, 1961, p.341:
Supplemental description:
This form has the body divided into three rather than two segments. However, when some of my specimens were isolated chemically from the flintstone matrix, the very flat `girdle` of the equatorial region became distinct, or at least some parts of it. This structure seems to replace the transverse furrow characteristic of the typical dinoflagellates (peridinians), separating their epitheca and hypotheca from one another. Instead of a regular arrangement of plates, the wall of the typical Bulbodinium shell is more or less granular or areolar and has, at most, some wide fields with indistinct borders. The central portion of the body, which may be a highly inflated, block-shaped `capsule,` extends outward, and the epitheca may also extend outward, but less so, below the `apical` point, which is often blunted. The hypotheca has a square outline and may be prolonged into a `horn` at one of the terminal edges.