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Cantulodinium
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Cantulodinium, Alberti, 1961, p. 23; Emendation: van Helden, 1986, p.190.
Tax. sen. syn.: Muderongia, according to Dörhöfer and Davies (1980, p.14) - however, Lentin and Williams (1981, p.36) retained Cantulodinium.
Type species: Cantulodinium speciosum, Alberti, 1961 (pl.3, fig.20)]
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Original description: [Alberti, 1961]: (Translation Alberti, 1961: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 97):
Description:
Shell roughly pear-shaped, apical horn more or less long, commonly well set off, at the free end pointed or somewhat blunt. Without transverse furrow or tabulation. With three to five antapical, in part equatorial, well-marked, short, hornlike appendages tapering to their free ends.
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Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 97-98:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate; autophragm pear-shaped, with an apical horn and three or more hornlike projections in the antapical area; archeopyle intercalary, type uncertain, 2I or 3I.
Description:
Shape: Body pear-shaped with an apical horn.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only.
Wall features: No parasutural features. Antapical area with three or more hornlike appendages; autophragm smooth or scabrate.
Paratabulation: Indicated by archeopyle only.
Archeopyle: Intercalary, type uncertain, probably 2I or 3I; operculum free.
Paracingulum: Not indicated.
Parasulcus: Not indicated.
Size: Intermediate.
Affinities:
Cantulodinium differs from Kalyptea in having three or more hornlike projections in the antapical area rather than a single antapical horn.
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Emended description:
Van Helden, 1986:
Synopsis:
Elongate, pear-shaped, proximate cysts with a prominent apical horn. With or without antapical appendages. Cyst wall generally smooth;
autophragm only. Paratabulation indicated only by the archeopyle. Paracingulum may be indicated by folds on autophragm. Archeopyle large, intercalary, 3I.
Description:
Shape: body pear-shaped with prominent apical horn; maximum width attained at or near the base of the hypocyst; with or without antapical hornlike appendages.
Wall structure: autophragm only.
Wall features: no parasutural features; autophragm smooth or ornamented with scabrate, granulate, tuberculate or trabeculate sculptural elements concentrated near the antapical end of the hypocyst.
Paratabulation: not visible, indicated by archeopyle only; fine parasutural tears may develop in the autophragm adjacent to the archeopyle and suggest the position of precingular and apical paraplate boundaries.
Archeopyle: large, wide, intercalary, involving three anterior intercalary paraplates (3I); operculum free.
Paracingulum: sometimes faintly indicated by fold-like ridges on the autophragm, well below the archeopyle, closer to the antapical than to the apical region.
Size: intermediate.
Affinities:
Cantulodinium differs from Kalyptea and Pareodinia in the nature of the large 3I archeopyle and in the shape of the hypocyst.
[Cantulodinium, Alberti, 1961, p. 23; Emendation: van Helden, 1986, p.190.
Tax. sen. syn.: Muderongia, according to Dörhöfer and Davies (1980, p.14) - however, Lentin and Williams (1981, p.36) retained Cantulodinium.
Type species: Cantulodinium speciosum, Alberti, 1961 (pl.3, fig.20)]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Alberti, 1961]: (Translation Alberti, 1961: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 97):
Description:
Shell roughly pear-shaped, apical horn more or less long, commonly well set off, at the free end pointed or somewhat blunt. Without transverse furrow or tabulation. With three to five antapical, in part equatorial, well-marked, short, hornlike appendages tapering to their free ends.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 97-98:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate; autophragm pear-shaped, with an apical horn and three or more hornlike projections in the antapical area; archeopyle intercalary, type uncertain, 2I or 3I.
Description:
Shape: Body pear-shaped with an apical horn.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only.
Wall features: No parasutural features. Antapical area with three or more hornlike appendages; autophragm smooth or scabrate.
Paratabulation: Indicated by archeopyle only.
Archeopyle: Intercalary, type uncertain, probably 2I or 3I; operculum free.
Paracingulum: Not indicated.
Parasulcus: Not indicated.
Size: Intermediate.
Affinities:
Cantulodinium differs from Kalyptea in having three or more hornlike projections in the antapical area rather than a single antapical horn.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emended description:
Van Helden, 1986:
Synopsis:
Elongate, pear-shaped, proximate cysts with a prominent apical horn. With or without antapical appendages. Cyst wall generally smooth;
autophragm only. Paratabulation indicated only by the archeopyle. Paracingulum may be indicated by folds on autophragm. Archeopyle large, intercalary, 3I.
Description:
Shape: body pear-shaped with prominent apical horn; maximum width attained at or near the base of the hypocyst; with or without antapical hornlike appendages.
Wall structure: autophragm only.
Wall features: no parasutural features; autophragm smooth or ornamented with scabrate, granulate, tuberculate or trabeculate sculptural elements concentrated near the antapical end of the hypocyst.
Paratabulation: not visible, indicated by archeopyle only; fine parasutural tears may develop in the autophragm adjacent to the archeopyle and suggest the position of precingular and apical paraplate boundaries.
Archeopyle: large, wide, intercalary, involving three anterior intercalary paraplates (3I); operculum free.
Paracingulum: sometimes faintly indicated by fold-like ridges on the autophragm, well below the archeopyle, closer to the antapical than to the apical region.
Size: intermediate.
Affinities:
Cantulodinium differs from Kalyptea and Pareodinia in the nature of the large 3I archeopyle and in the shape of the hypocyst.