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Cauca
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Cauca, Davey and Verdier, 1971, p. 14
tax. jr. syn. of Hystrichodinium Deflandre, 1935, according to Below, 1981. Lentin and Williams, 1985 retained Cauca as a separate genus.
Type species: originally as Hystrichodinium parvum, Alberti, 1961 (pl.9, fig.4)] ; Cauca parva, Davey and Verdier, 1971
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Original description: [Davey and Verdier, 1971]:
Description:
Simple spherical to subspherical cyst without polar structures. Cingulum typically present; other tabulation, when present, defined by low crests. Spines long and simple. Archeopyle epitractal.
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Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 202:
Synopsis:
Cysts skolochorate, acavate; body ovoidal to ellipsoidal with long simple processes; combination archeopyle, Type tAtP.
Description:
Shape: Body ellipsoidal to ovate; when the latter, narrow end is apical.
Wall relationships: Apparently two-layered; thin periphragm forms processes and is appressed to thicker endophragm; acavate.
Wall features: Low, possibly parasutural ridges present between processes. Processes long, simple, hollow, closed distally, and probably gonal. Periphragm smooth; endophragm smooth to finely tuberculate.
Paratabulation: Obscure, possibly defined by low parasutural ridges between processes; formula unknown.
Archeopyle: Combination epicystal archeopyle, Type tAtP; operculum free; constituent paraplates not delimited.
Paracingulum: Weakly to strongly marked by parallel transverse ridges located nearer the apical than the antapical end; epicyst noticeably smaller than hypocyst.
Parasulcus: Not indicated.
Size: Small to intermediate.
Affinities:
Cauca differs from Biorbifera in having widely separated, long, simple processes with rather numerous short projections. It differs Dorocysta in having a combination archeopyle rather than an apical one, and in having processes that are not confined to polar areas.
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Cauca Davey and Verdier, 1971. According to Davey and Verdier (1971, p.14), this is a simple, spherical to subspherical cyst without polar structures. Cingulum is typically present. Other tabulation, when present, defined by low crests. Spines long and simple. Archeopyle epitractal.
[Cauca, Davey and Verdier, 1971, p. 14
tax. jr. syn. of Hystrichodinium Deflandre, 1935, according to Below, 1981. Lentin and Williams, 1985 retained Cauca as a separate genus.
Type species: originally as Hystrichodinium parvum, Alberti, 1961 (pl.9, fig.4)] ; Cauca parva, Davey and Verdier, 1971
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Davey and Verdier, 1971]:
Description:
Simple spherical to subspherical cyst without polar structures. Cingulum typically present; other tabulation, when present, defined by low crests. Spines long and simple. Archeopyle epitractal.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 202:
Synopsis:
Cysts skolochorate, acavate; body ovoidal to ellipsoidal with long simple processes; combination archeopyle, Type tAtP.
Description:
Shape: Body ellipsoidal to ovate; when the latter, narrow end is apical.
Wall relationships: Apparently two-layered; thin periphragm forms processes and is appressed to thicker endophragm; acavate.
Wall features: Low, possibly parasutural ridges present between processes. Processes long, simple, hollow, closed distally, and probably gonal. Periphragm smooth; endophragm smooth to finely tuberculate.
Paratabulation: Obscure, possibly defined by low parasutural ridges between processes; formula unknown.
Archeopyle: Combination epicystal archeopyle, Type tAtP; operculum free; constituent paraplates not delimited.
Paracingulum: Weakly to strongly marked by parallel transverse ridges located nearer the apical than the antapical end; epicyst noticeably smaller than hypocyst.
Parasulcus: Not indicated.
Size: Small to intermediate.
Affinities:
Cauca differs from Biorbifera in having widely separated, long, simple processes with rather numerous short projections. It differs Dorocysta in having a combination archeopyle rather than an apical one, and in having processes that are not confined to polar areas.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Cauca Davey and Verdier, 1971. According to Davey and Verdier (1971, p.14), this is a simple, spherical to subspherical cyst without polar structures. Cingulum is typically present. Other tabulation, when present, defined by low crests. Spines long and simple. Archeopyle epitractal.