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Endoscrinium
From Williams et al., 2017:
[(Scriniodinium subgenus Endoscrinium, Klement, 1960, p.18; Emendation: Vozzhennikova, 1965, p.88)
Endoscrinium Vozzhennikova, 1967, p.174-175; Emendation: Gocht, 1970b, p.143–144; Riding and Fensome, 2003, p.19–20.
Originally Scriniodinium subgenus Endoscrinium, subsequently Endoscrinium.
Tax. sr. syn.: Scriniodinium, according to Stover and Evitt (1978, p.187) and Dodekova (1990, p.30–31) — however, Lentin and Williams (1993, p.207) retained Endoscrinium.
Taxonomic junior synonym: Athigmatocysta, according to Below (1981a, p.48) — however, Harding (1990b, p.28) and Riding and Fensome (2003, p.23–24) retained Athigmatocysta; Wetzeliopsis (name not validly published) by implication, as the type of Wetzeliopsis, as Endoscrinium irregulare, is now included in Endoscrinium.
As a generic name, Endoscrinium was not validly published in Vozzhennikova (1965, p.88), since that author did not fully reference the basionym.
Type species: originally as Gymnodinium galeritum, Deflandre, 1939a (pl.5, figs.7–8)] ; Endoscrinium galeritum, (Deflandre, 1938) Vozzhennikova, 1967
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Original description Scriniodinium subgen. Endoscrinium: [Klement, 1960]: (Translation: Fensome et al., 1991, p. 198):
Diagnosis:
A subdivision of the genus Scriniodinium for species with distinct tabulation of the following pattern: 3-4`, 6``, 5```, 0-1p, 0````.
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Emended description:
Vozzhennikova, 1965 (Translation: Syers and Sarjeant, 1967, p. 137):
Diagnosis:
Cell outline oval or oval-elongate. Outer membrane tabulate. Internal body oval in outline. Furrows well expressed.
Plate formula: epitheca - 6 ant. + (3-4) a; hypotheca - 5 post. + (0-1) med.` + 0 a`.
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Emended description as Endoscrinium:
Vozzhennikova 1967: (Translation: Sarjeant, 1971, p. 271-272):
Diagnosis:
Theca elongate-oval to polygonal. Transverse furrow equatorial annulate, dividing the theca into equal or unequal parts. Longitudinal furrow extends from the first apical plate to the antapex; sometimes it is poorly discernible. Plate formula: on the epitheca (3-4?)a + 6np; on the hypotheca 5zd + (0-1)cp` + 0a`. Plates and transverse furrow bordered by tall or short outgrowths. Internal body oval, coloured pale or dark yellow. Surface of the theca and internal body smooth or sculptured. Pylome usually well defined.
Affinities:
This genus differs from other genera in the family Endoscriniaceae in having a distinctively shaped theca and a definite tabulation.
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Gocht, 1970: (Translation: Fensome et al., 1991, p. 198)
Diagnosis:
Proximo-cavate dinoflagellate cysts with an external layer which generally displays a distinct tabulation. Epitract somewhat shorter and of a roundish to bell-shaped form. Hypotract is elongated. Suggested tabulation: 4-5`, 6``, 6c, 5-6```, 0-1p, 1````. Antapical plate located on ventral side, not always distinctly delineated from the longitudinal furrow. Sutures without ornamentation or with lists and membranous combs or crests. Archeopyle is precingular (plate 3"). In the course of ontogeny, the antapex opens up along the entire breadth in conformance to a definite rule.
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Fensome et al., 1991, p. 198-199:
Remarks:
Klement (1960) subdivided the genus Scriniodinium into two subgenera, Scriniodinium subgenus Scriniodinium for forms not showing a paratabulation and Scriniodinium subgenus Endoscrinium for those species which exhibit a paratabulation.
Vozzhennikova (1965) provided an emendation for Endoscrinium and simultaneously proposed its elevation to generic rank. However, the names Endoscrinium and Endoscrinium galeritum were not validly published in Vozzhennikova (1965) since that author did not fully reference the basionym in either case. Vozzhennikova (1967, p.174-175) fulfilled all legal requirements in raising Endoscrinium to generic rank and transferring the type species, Endoscrinium galeritum, to the genus Endoscrinium. She also provided a description which is longer and more comprehensive than her earlier emendation (see above).
Stover and Evitt (1978, p. 187) listed Endoscrinium as a junior synonym of Scriniodinium without comment.
Below (1981a, p.48) retained Endoscrinium as a separate genus, suspecting that Stover and Evitt (1978) considered the presence or absence of paratabulation not to be important as a genus-diagnostic criterion. Below indicated that this viewpoint may be justified but pointed out the parallel situation in which it is customary to separate the genus Apteodinium without clear indication of a paratabulation from the genus Millioudodinium, which has distinct parasutures.
Lentin and Williams (1981, p.96) also retained Endoscrinium "since the relationship of Spiniferites to Achomosphaera is analogous and both of these genera were retained by Stover and Evitt."
Helenes (1984, p.117-118) stated that "... specimens assigned to the type species of Endoscrinium ... by Klement (1960, pl.1, fig.1-12, pl.2 fig.1,2, text-fig.4,5) show a mid-dorsal postcingular paraplate (probably IV) instead of a parasuture, and suggestions of a quadrate X."
Evitt (1985 p.222) included Endoscrinium in his Gs-Cysts, Leptodinium Complex. Genera of the Leptodinium Complex have a gonyaulacoid paratabulation delineated by parasutural features and also have a sexiform hypocyst.
Jan du Chȇne et al. (1986, p.315) stated that "The observation of numerous specimens attributed to various species of Scriniodinium or Endoscrinium shows that the expression of paratabulation is often partial and may vary from one individual to another within a single species. Thus, we cannot support the maintenance of the two genera Endoscrinium and Scriniodinium ... [translation]." Jan du Chȇne et al. consequently listed Endoscrinium as a junior synonym of Scriniodinium.
However, Lentin and Williams (1989, p.126) retained Endoscrinium, stating that their action was "... based on the distinctive morphology of the type species of Endoscrinium ... and Scriniodinium ...".
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Endoscrinium (Klement, 1960) Vozzhennikova, 1967, emend. Gocht, 1970. Emendation, from Gocht (1970, p.144), proximo-cavate dinoflagellate cyst with an external layer which generally displays a distinct tabulation. Epitract somewhat shorter and of a roundish to bell-shaped form. Hypotract is elongate. Suggested tabulation is 4-5`, 6", 6c, 5-6"', 0-1p, 1"''. Antapical plate located on ventral side, not always distinctly delineated from the longitudinal furrow. Sutures without ornamentation or with lists and membranous combs or crests. Archeopyle is precingular (plate 3"). In the course of ontogeny the antapex opens up along the entire breadth in conformance to a definite rule.
[(Scriniodinium subgenus Endoscrinium, Klement, 1960, p.18; Emendation: Vozzhennikova, 1965, p.88)
Endoscrinium Vozzhennikova, 1967, p.174-175; Emendation: Gocht, 1970b, p.143–144; Riding and Fensome, 2003, p.19–20.
Originally Scriniodinium subgenus Endoscrinium, subsequently Endoscrinium.
Tax. sr. syn.: Scriniodinium, according to Stover and Evitt (1978, p.187) and Dodekova (1990, p.30–31) — however, Lentin and Williams (1993, p.207) retained Endoscrinium.
Taxonomic junior synonym: Athigmatocysta, according to Below (1981a, p.48) — however, Harding (1990b, p.28) and Riding and Fensome (2003, p.23–24) retained Athigmatocysta; Wetzeliopsis (name not validly published) by implication, as the type of Wetzeliopsis, as Endoscrinium irregulare, is now included in Endoscrinium.
As a generic name, Endoscrinium was not validly published in Vozzhennikova (1965, p.88), since that author did not fully reference the basionym.
Type species: originally as Gymnodinium galeritum, Deflandre, 1939a (pl.5, figs.7–8)] ; Endoscrinium galeritum, (Deflandre, 1938) Vozzhennikova, 1967
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Original description Scriniodinium subgen. Endoscrinium: [Klement, 1960]: (Translation: Fensome et al., 1991, p. 198):
Diagnosis:
A subdivision of the genus Scriniodinium for species with distinct tabulation of the following pattern: 3-4`, 6``, 5```, 0-1p, 0````.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emended description:
Vozzhennikova, 1965 (Translation: Syers and Sarjeant, 1967, p. 137):
Diagnosis:
Cell outline oval or oval-elongate. Outer membrane tabulate. Internal body oval in outline. Furrows well expressed.
Plate formula: epitheca - 6 ant. + (3-4) a; hypotheca - 5 post. + (0-1) med.` + 0 a`.
------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
Emended description as Endoscrinium:
Vozzhennikova 1967: (Translation: Sarjeant, 1971, p. 271-272):
Diagnosis:
Theca elongate-oval to polygonal. Transverse furrow equatorial annulate, dividing the theca into equal or unequal parts. Longitudinal furrow extends from the first apical plate to the antapex; sometimes it is poorly discernible. Plate formula: on the epitheca (3-4?)a + 6np; on the hypotheca 5zd + (0-1)cp` + 0a`. Plates and transverse furrow bordered by tall or short outgrowths. Internal body oval, coloured pale or dark yellow. Surface of the theca and internal body smooth or sculptured. Pylome usually well defined.
Affinities:
This genus differs from other genera in the family Endoscriniaceae in having a distinctively shaped theca and a definite tabulation.
------------------------------
Gocht, 1970: (Translation: Fensome et al., 1991, p. 198)
Diagnosis:
Proximo-cavate dinoflagellate cysts with an external layer which generally displays a distinct tabulation. Epitract somewhat shorter and of a roundish to bell-shaped form. Hypotract is elongated. Suggested tabulation: 4-5`, 6``, 6c, 5-6```, 0-1p, 1````. Antapical plate located on ventral side, not always distinctly delineated from the longitudinal furrow. Sutures without ornamentation or with lists and membranous combs or crests. Archeopyle is precingular (plate 3"). In the course of ontogeny, the antapex opens up along the entire breadth in conformance to a definite rule.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fensome et al., 1991, p. 198-199:
Remarks:
Klement (1960) subdivided the genus Scriniodinium into two subgenera, Scriniodinium subgenus Scriniodinium for forms not showing a paratabulation and Scriniodinium subgenus Endoscrinium for those species which exhibit a paratabulation.
Vozzhennikova (1965) provided an emendation for Endoscrinium and simultaneously proposed its elevation to generic rank. However, the names Endoscrinium and Endoscrinium galeritum were not validly published in Vozzhennikova (1965) since that author did not fully reference the basionym in either case. Vozzhennikova (1967, p.174-175) fulfilled all legal requirements in raising Endoscrinium to generic rank and transferring the type species, Endoscrinium galeritum, to the genus Endoscrinium. She also provided a description which is longer and more comprehensive than her earlier emendation (see above).
Stover and Evitt (1978, p. 187) listed Endoscrinium as a junior synonym of Scriniodinium without comment.
Below (1981a, p.48) retained Endoscrinium as a separate genus, suspecting that Stover and Evitt (1978) considered the presence or absence of paratabulation not to be important as a genus-diagnostic criterion. Below indicated that this viewpoint may be justified but pointed out the parallel situation in which it is customary to separate the genus Apteodinium without clear indication of a paratabulation from the genus Millioudodinium, which has distinct parasutures.
Lentin and Williams (1981, p.96) also retained Endoscrinium "since the relationship of Spiniferites to Achomosphaera is analogous and both of these genera were retained by Stover and Evitt."
Helenes (1984, p.117-118) stated that "... specimens assigned to the type species of Endoscrinium ... by Klement (1960, pl.1, fig.1-12, pl.2 fig.1,2, text-fig.4,5) show a mid-dorsal postcingular paraplate (probably IV) instead of a parasuture, and suggestions of a quadrate X."
Evitt (1985 p.222) included Endoscrinium in his Gs-Cysts, Leptodinium Complex. Genera of the Leptodinium Complex have a gonyaulacoid paratabulation delineated by parasutural features and also have a sexiform hypocyst.
Jan du Chȇne et al. (1986, p.315) stated that "The observation of numerous specimens attributed to various species of Scriniodinium or Endoscrinium shows that the expression of paratabulation is often partial and may vary from one individual to another within a single species. Thus, we cannot support the maintenance of the two genera Endoscrinium and Scriniodinium ... [translation]." Jan du Chȇne et al. consequently listed Endoscrinium as a junior synonym of Scriniodinium.
However, Lentin and Williams (1989, p.126) retained Endoscrinium, stating that their action was "... based on the distinctive morphology of the type species of Endoscrinium ... and Scriniodinium ...".
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Endoscrinium (Klement, 1960) Vozzhennikova, 1967, emend. Gocht, 1970. Emendation, from Gocht (1970, p.144), proximo-cavate dinoflagellate cyst with an external layer which generally displays a distinct tabulation. Epitract somewhat shorter and of a roundish to bell-shaped form. Hypotract is elongate. Suggested tabulation is 4-5`, 6", 6c, 5-6"', 0-1p, 1"''. Antapical plate located on ventral side, not always distinctly delineated from the longitudinal furrow. Sutures without ornamentation or with lists and membranous combs or crests. Archeopyle is precingular (plate 3"). In the course of ontogeny the antapex opens up along the entire breadth in conformance to a definite rule.