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Gochtodinium
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Gochtodinium, Bujak, 1979, p. 310-312
Type species: Gochtodinium simplex, Bujak, 1979 (pl.3, figs.7–12)]
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Original description: [Bujak, 1979]:
Description:
Pericyst shape: Ambitus rhomboidal. Apex rounded or prolonged into a short apical horn. Two equal pericingular horns usually present but may be reduced. Antapex prolonged into one asymmetrically located or 2 unequal, symmetrically located antapical horns, the left always longer and the right reduced or absent. Epipericyst and hypopericyst equal, or unequal with the hypopericyst longer. Compression dorsoventral and extreme.
Endocyst shape: Ambitus circular, ovoidal or rhomboidal. The endocyst may be absent.
Pericoel: Pericoels isolated and restricted to the horns or connected by a narrow ambital pericoel.
Periphragm: Produced into numerous nontabular or weakly simulate, simple or branched processes. Processes open proximally and closed distally with rounded, evexate or capitate endings.
Endophragm: Surface laevigate, chagrinate or granulate. Strongly granulate apically, antapically and laterally with weaker granulation on the remaining ambital periphery and endocingulum.
Peritabulation: Peridinioid where determinable.
Pericingulum: Slightly helicoid, produced into 2 lateral horns. May be delineated by an indentation at the distal extremity of the lateral horns and by process alignment.
Perisulcus: Extends onto the epipericyst but is considerably larger on the hypopericyst.
Endotabulation: Indeterminate other than in the vicinity of the archeopyle.
Periarcheopyle: Quadra intercalary, soleiform, resulting from the displacement of the second intercalary paraplate 2a. Perioperculum attached along the anterior margin Q1.
Endoarcheopyle: Adjacent to the periarcheopyle and having the same size and shape. Endoperculum attached along the anterior margin Q1.
Archeopyle formula: I/l (2a/2a).
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Modified description:
Stover and Williams, 1987, p. 113-114:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximochorate, cornucavate to weakly circumcavate, strongly compressed peridinioid, with one apical, two lateral, and two asymmetrical antapical horns, of which some may be reduced or absent; periphragm bears isolated or weakly aligned, short, tubular, simple or branched processes; process distribution nontabular, intratabular, or both; paratabulation, where determinable, peridiniacean, quadra-style, indicated by archeopyle only, or by intratabular and pandasutural features; archeopyle intercalary, type l/la, operculum soleiform and remains attached (adnate) along its anterior margin.
Description:
Shape: Strongly compressed peridinioid, with one apical, two lateral, and two asymmetrical antapical horns; outline may be modified by reduction or absence of any of the horns.
Wall relationships: Cysts generally cornucavate, or narrowly circumcavate; endocyst subcircular, ovoidal or rhomboidal, or may be absent.
Wall features: No parasutural features. Processes short, smooth, tubular, occasionally branched, and not connected or covered distally. Process arrangement nontabular, or as intratabular clusters, or both, and may be weakly simulate; intratabular clusters separated by variably developed pandasutural areas. Periphragm smooth or faintly ornamented between processes.
Archeopyle: Intercalary, type l/la (2a only), quadrastyle, archeopyle index 0.5; perioperculum attached along anterior margin and soleiform.
Paratabulation: Indicated by archeopyle only, or by intratabular and pandasutural features; peridiniacean paratabulation, quadra-style, formula 4`, 3a, 7", Xc, 5```, 2````; complete paratabulation rarely expressed.
Paracingulum: Variably expressed by transverse alignment of processes in two parallel rows with unornamented area between; position emphasized by presence of lateral horns.
Parasulcus: Not indicated, or expressed as a poorly defined, commonly featureless area confined mainly to the hypocyst.
Size: Intermediate to large, width at paracingulum about 75 to 140 µm.
Affinities:
Gochtodinium differs from Rhombodinium Gocht 1955 emended Bujak 1979 in having processes; both genera have soleiform, anteriorly adnate opercula. Gochtodinium differs from Kisselovia Vozzhennikova 1963 emended Lentin and Williams 1976 in lacking ectophragmal connections. It differs from Wilsonidium Lentin and Williams 1976 in having numerous processes of which many or most are neither parasutural nor penitabular. Gochtodinium differs from Wetzeliella Eisenack 1938 emended Lentin and Williams 1976 and from Apectodinium (Costa and Downie 1976) Lentin and Williams 1977b in lacking aculeate process tips and in having a soleiform adnate operculum.
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Lentin and Vozzhennikova, 1989, p. 228:
Remark:
The genus Gochtodinium Bujak is considered to be a junior synonym of Wetzeliella because the soleiform archaeopyle and the simple processes used to characterize Gochtodinium are considered to be intraspecific characters within the genus Wetzeliella. The species formerly in the genus Gochtodinium are here transferred to Wetzeliella.
[Gochtodinium, Bujak, 1979, p. 310-312
Type species: Gochtodinium simplex, Bujak, 1979 (pl.3, figs.7–12)]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Bujak, 1979]:
Description:
Pericyst shape: Ambitus rhomboidal. Apex rounded or prolonged into a short apical horn. Two equal pericingular horns usually present but may be reduced. Antapex prolonged into one asymmetrically located or 2 unequal, symmetrically located antapical horns, the left always longer and the right reduced or absent. Epipericyst and hypopericyst equal, or unequal with the hypopericyst longer. Compression dorsoventral and extreme.
Endocyst shape: Ambitus circular, ovoidal or rhomboidal. The endocyst may be absent.
Pericoel: Pericoels isolated and restricted to the horns or connected by a narrow ambital pericoel.
Periphragm: Produced into numerous nontabular or weakly simulate, simple or branched processes. Processes open proximally and closed distally with rounded, evexate or capitate endings.
Endophragm: Surface laevigate, chagrinate or granulate. Strongly granulate apically, antapically and laterally with weaker granulation on the remaining ambital periphery and endocingulum.
Peritabulation: Peridinioid where determinable.
Pericingulum: Slightly helicoid, produced into 2 lateral horns. May be delineated by an indentation at the distal extremity of the lateral horns and by process alignment.
Perisulcus: Extends onto the epipericyst but is considerably larger on the hypopericyst.
Endotabulation: Indeterminate other than in the vicinity of the archeopyle.
Periarcheopyle: Quadra intercalary, soleiform, resulting from the displacement of the second intercalary paraplate 2a. Perioperculum attached along the anterior margin Q1.
Endoarcheopyle: Adjacent to the periarcheopyle and having the same size and shape. Endoperculum attached along the anterior margin Q1.
Archeopyle formula: I/l (2a/2a).
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Modified description:
Stover and Williams, 1987, p. 113-114:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximochorate, cornucavate to weakly circumcavate, strongly compressed peridinioid, with one apical, two lateral, and two asymmetrical antapical horns, of which some may be reduced or absent; periphragm bears isolated or weakly aligned, short, tubular, simple or branched processes; process distribution nontabular, intratabular, or both; paratabulation, where determinable, peridiniacean, quadra-style, indicated by archeopyle only, or by intratabular and pandasutural features; archeopyle intercalary, type l/la, operculum soleiform and remains attached (adnate) along its anterior margin.
Description:
Shape: Strongly compressed peridinioid, with one apical, two lateral, and two asymmetrical antapical horns; outline may be modified by reduction or absence of any of the horns.
Wall relationships: Cysts generally cornucavate, or narrowly circumcavate; endocyst subcircular, ovoidal or rhomboidal, or may be absent.
Wall features: No parasutural features. Processes short, smooth, tubular, occasionally branched, and not connected or covered distally. Process arrangement nontabular, or as intratabular clusters, or both, and may be weakly simulate; intratabular clusters separated by variably developed pandasutural areas. Periphragm smooth or faintly ornamented between processes.
Archeopyle: Intercalary, type l/la (2a only), quadrastyle, archeopyle index 0.5; perioperculum attached along anterior margin and soleiform.
Paratabulation: Indicated by archeopyle only, or by intratabular and pandasutural features; peridiniacean paratabulation, quadra-style, formula 4`, 3a, 7", Xc, 5```, 2````; complete paratabulation rarely expressed.
Paracingulum: Variably expressed by transverse alignment of processes in two parallel rows with unornamented area between; position emphasized by presence of lateral horns.
Parasulcus: Not indicated, or expressed as a poorly defined, commonly featureless area confined mainly to the hypocyst.
Size: Intermediate to large, width at paracingulum about 75 to 140 µm.
Affinities:
Gochtodinium differs from Rhombodinium Gocht 1955 emended Bujak 1979 in having processes; both genera have soleiform, anteriorly adnate opercula. Gochtodinium differs from Kisselovia Vozzhennikova 1963 emended Lentin and Williams 1976 in lacking ectophragmal connections. It differs from Wilsonidium Lentin and Williams 1976 in having numerous processes of which many or most are neither parasutural nor penitabular. Gochtodinium differs from Wetzeliella Eisenack 1938 emended Lentin and Williams 1976 and from Apectodinium (Costa and Downie 1976) Lentin and Williams 1977b in lacking aculeate process tips and in having a soleiform adnate operculum.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lentin and Vozzhennikova, 1989, p. 228:
Remark:
The genus Gochtodinium Bujak is considered to be a junior synonym of Wetzeliella because the soleiform archaeopyle and the simple processes used to characterize Gochtodinium are considered to be intraspecific characters within the genus Wetzeliella. The species formerly in the genus Gochtodinium are here transferred to Wetzeliella.