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Gongylodinium
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Gongylodinium, Fenton et al., 1980, p. 158, 197; Emendation: Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil, 1997, p.43.
Tax. sr. syn.: Dissiliodinium, by implication in Prauss (1989, p.38), who transferred the "type species" of Gongylodinium, Gongylodinium erymnoteichon, to Dissiliodinium — however, Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil (1997, p.43; 2001, p.58) retained Gongylodinium.
Type species: Gongylodinium erymnoteichon, Fenton et al., 1980 (pl.14, figs.8–9)]
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Original description: [Fenton et al., 1980]:
Description:
Proximate, non-tabulate cyst, spheroidal to ovoidal in outline.
Paracingulum and parasulcus absent or very indistinct.
Archaeopyle formed by loss of two trapezoidal paraplates in a dorsal precingular position.
Thickness of wall variable. Ornament varying from smooth to scabrate to granulate or spinose, evenly distributed. Polar and median horns absent.
Affinities:
Gongylodinium differs from Bitectatodinium Wilson 1973 in possessing larger opercular paraplates and a simpler non-tectate wall structure. It (Gongylodinium) also differs from Occisucysta Gitmez, 1970 by lacking a definable paratabulation.
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Modified description:
Stover and Williams, 1987, 115:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate, subspherical; autophragm undifferentiated, of variable thickness, ornamented with features of low relief; paratabulation indicated by 2P archeopyle, occasionally also by the parasulcus; archeopyle precingular, type 2P (individual paraplates unspecified).
Description:
Shape: Subspherical.
Wall relationship: Undifferentiated autophragm; two appressed wall layers detectable using SEM.
Wall features: No parasutural features. Autophragm surface smooth to spinose, ornamentation nontabular.
Archeopyle: Precingular, type 2P, specific paraplates not designated, presumably 2" + 3" or 3" + 4".
Paratabulation: Indicated by archeopyle only.
Paracingulum: Not indicated.
Parasulcus: Not indicated or indicated by absence or reduction of ornamentation.
Size: Small to intermediate; about 45 to 80 µm.
Affinities:
Gongylodinium differs from Chytroeisphaeridia (Sarjeant 1962) Downie and Sarjeant 1965 emended Davey 1979 in possessing a 2P rather than a simple P archeopyle. Filisphaera Bujak 1984 may be in part congeneric with Gongylodinium.
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Gongylodinium Fenton et al., 1980, emend. Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil, 1997, was emended by Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil (1997, p.43) as follows: Cysts proximate, subspherical. Autophragm smooth to scabrate or evenly ornamented with granulate or spinose elements. Archeopyle formed by the loss of the two precingular paraplates 3" and 4", archeopyle type 2P. Paratabulation indicated by archeopyle only. Partial epicystal paratabulation formula: ?2pr, 4`, 6". Paracingulum not expressed. Parasulcal area may be indicated by a depression.
[Gongylodinium, Fenton et al., 1980, p. 158, 197; Emendation: Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil, 1997, p.43.
Tax. sr. syn.: Dissiliodinium, by implication in Prauss (1989, p.38), who transferred the "type species" of Gongylodinium, Gongylodinium erymnoteichon, to Dissiliodinium — however, Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil (1997, p.43; 2001, p.58) retained Gongylodinium.
Type species: Gongylodinium erymnoteichon, Fenton et al., 1980 (pl.14, figs.8–9)]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Fenton et al., 1980]:
Description:
Proximate, non-tabulate cyst, spheroidal to ovoidal in outline.
Paracingulum and parasulcus absent or very indistinct.
Archaeopyle formed by loss of two trapezoidal paraplates in a dorsal precingular position.
Thickness of wall variable. Ornament varying from smooth to scabrate to granulate or spinose, evenly distributed. Polar and median horns absent.
Affinities:
Gongylodinium differs from Bitectatodinium Wilson 1973 in possessing larger opercular paraplates and a simpler non-tectate wall structure. It (Gongylodinium) also differs from Occisucysta Gitmez, 1970 by lacking a definable paratabulation.
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Modified description:
Stover and Williams, 1987, 115:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate, subspherical; autophragm undifferentiated, of variable thickness, ornamented with features of low relief; paratabulation indicated by 2P archeopyle, occasionally also by the parasulcus; archeopyle precingular, type 2P (individual paraplates unspecified).
Description:
Shape: Subspherical.
Wall relationship: Undifferentiated autophragm; two appressed wall layers detectable using SEM.
Wall features: No parasutural features. Autophragm surface smooth to spinose, ornamentation nontabular.
Archeopyle: Precingular, type 2P, specific paraplates not designated, presumably 2" + 3" or 3" + 4".
Paratabulation: Indicated by archeopyle only.
Paracingulum: Not indicated.
Parasulcus: Not indicated or indicated by absence or reduction of ornamentation.
Size: Small to intermediate; about 45 to 80 µm.
Affinities:
Gongylodinium differs from Chytroeisphaeridia (Sarjeant 1962) Downie and Sarjeant 1965 emended Davey 1979 in possessing a 2P rather than a simple P archeopyle. Filisphaera Bujak 1984 may be in part congeneric with Gongylodinium.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Gongylodinium Fenton et al., 1980, emend. Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil, 1997, was emended by Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil (1997, p.43) as follows: Cysts proximate, subspherical. Autophragm smooth to scabrate or evenly ornamented with granulate or spinose elements. Archeopyle formed by the loss of the two precingular paraplates 3" and 4", archeopyle type 2P. Paratabulation indicated by archeopyle only. Partial epicystal paratabulation formula: ?2pr, 4`, 6". Paracingulum not expressed. Parasulcal area may be indicated by a depression.