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Kallosphaeridium
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Kallosphaeridium, de Coninck, 1969, p. 44; Emendation: Jan du Chêne, 1985a, p. 8-9
Type species: Kallosphaeridium brevibarbatum, de Coninck, 1969 (pl.13, figs.14–15)] ; emend. Jan du Chêne, 1985
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Original description: [De Coninck, 1969]:
Description:
Somewhat globular dinoflagellate cyst having an apical archeopyle with an attached operculum. The accessory sutures, when present, indicate six precingular plates from which the operculum detaches. It does not have other traces of tabulation. Hairs may ornament the shell.
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Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 59:
Synopsis:
Cysts subspherical and without ridges, septa, or processes; indications of paratabulation, other than archeopyle, absent or expressed faintly and incompletely by parasutural alignment of ornamentation; autophragm smooth or variously ornamented with features of low relief; archeopyle apical, Type (tA)a.
Description:
Shape: Subspherical.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only.
Wall features: Parasutural features generally absent; some ornamentation may be aligned in rows. Autophragm smooth, granulate, hirsute, tuberculate, or with short spines.
Paratabulation: Normally indicated by archeopyle only.
Archeopyle: Apical, Type tAa; principal archeopyle suture zigzag; operculum attached, constituent paraplates typically undifferentiated .
Paracingulum: Not indicated or expressed by the transverse alignment of ornamentation.
Parasulcus: Not indicated.
Size: Small to intermediate.
Affinities:
Kallosphaeridium differs from Batiacasphaera in having an attached rather than a free operculum.
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Emended description:
Jan du Chêne et al., 1985:
Diagnosis:
Cyst proximate, subsphaerical, without processes, septa or prominent ridges; body composed of endophragm and periphragm or undifferentiated autophragm only; body variously ornamented with features of low to moderate relief, ornamentation the same or of two different types on individual specimens; archaeopyle type (4AI)@ and (5A)@, operculum typically small relative to cyst diameter, OW/CD ratio 0.5 or less; paratabulation indicated by principal and accessory archaeopyle sutures only, additional and rarely by low parasutural features; formula for epicyst: 0-2pr?, 4`, 1a, 6``, or 0-2pr?, 5`, 6``, hypocystal paratabulation not indicated.
Description:
Shape: Subsphaerical, nearly circular outline commonly modified by folding.
Wall relationships: Appressed endophragm and periphragm or undifferentiated autophragm; periphragm may be appreciably thicker than endophragm.
Wall features: Body uniformly ornamented with one or two types of features - punctoreticulate, granulate, finely hirsute, conate, clavate, spinate - which may be densely arranged or scatterd. Low parasutural features may be present on the epicyst.
Archaeopyle: Types (4AI)@ or (5A)@, principal archaeopyle suture zigzag, accessory archaeopyle sutures rarely absent. Operculum typically small relative to cyst diameter, OW/CD ratio less than 0.5, usually between 0.4 and 0.4.
Paratabulation: Expressed mainly by archaeopyle suture, rarely and additionally by generally incomplete parasutural features on opercula; formula for epicyst: 0-2pr?, 4`, 1a, 6`` or, 0-2 pr?, 5`, 6``; paratabulation for hypocyst not known.
Paracingulum: Not indicated or expressed occasionally by vague alignment of ornamentation features in the equatorial area.
Parasulcus: Not indicared.
Size: Small to intermediate, about 40 - 70 µm in diameter.
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Kallosphaeridium de Coninck, 1969, emend. Jan du Chêne et al., 1985a, was emended by Jan du Chêne et al. (1985a, p.8) as follows, cysts proximate, subspherical, without processes, septa or prominent ridges; body composed of endophragm and periphragm or undifferentiated autophragm; body variously ornamented with features of low to moderate relief, ornamentation the same or of two different types on individual specimens; archeopyle type [4AI]@ or [5A]@, operculum typically small relative to cyst diameter, OW/CD ratio 0.5 or less; paratabulation indicated generally by principal and accessory archeopyle sutures only, additionally and rarely by low parasutural features; formula for epicyst 0-2pr?, 4`, 1a, 6", or 0-2pr?, 5`, 6", hypocystal paratabulation not indicated.
[Kallosphaeridium, de Coninck, 1969, p. 44; Emendation: Jan du Chêne, 1985a, p. 8-9
Type species: Kallosphaeridium brevibarbatum, de Coninck, 1969 (pl.13, figs.14–15)] ; emend. Jan du Chêne, 1985
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [De Coninck, 1969]:
Description:
Somewhat globular dinoflagellate cyst having an apical archeopyle with an attached operculum. The accessory sutures, when present, indicate six precingular plates from which the operculum detaches. It does not have other traces of tabulation. Hairs may ornament the shell.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 59:
Synopsis:
Cysts subspherical and without ridges, septa, or processes; indications of paratabulation, other than archeopyle, absent or expressed faintly and incompletely by parasutural alignment of ornamentation; autophragm smooth or variously ornamented with features of low relief; archeopyle apical, Type (tA)a.
Description:
Shape: Subspherical.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only.
Wall features: Parasutural features generally absent; some ornamentation may be aligned in rows. Autophragm smooth, granulate, hirsute, tuberculate, or with short spines.
Paratabulation: Normally indicated by archeopyle only.
Archeopyle: Apical, Type tAa; principal archeopyle suture zigzag; operculum attached, constituent paraplates typically undifferentiated .
Paracingulum: Not indicated or expressed by the transverse alignment of ornamentation.
Parasulcus: Not indicated.
Size: Small to intermediate.
Affinities:
Kallosphaeridium differs from Batiacasphaera in having an attached rather than a free operculum.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emended description:
Jan du Chêne et al., 1985:
Diagnosis:
Cyst proximate, subsphaerical, without processes, septa or prominent ridges; body composed of endophragm and periphragm or undifferentiated autophragm only; body variously ornamented with features of low to moderate relief, ornamentation the same or of two different types on individual specimens; archaeopyle type (4AI)@ and (5A)@, operculum typically small relative to cyst diameter, OW/CD ratio 0.5 or less; paratabulation indicated by principal and accessory archaeopyle sutures only, additional and rarely by low parasutural features; formula for epicyst: 0-2pr?, 4`, 1a, 6``, or 0-2pr?, 5`, 6``, hypocystal paratabulation not indicated.
Description:
Shape: Subsphaerical, nearly circular outline commonly modified by folding.
Wall relationships: Appressed endophragm and periphragm or undifferentiated autophragm; periphragm may be appreciably thicker than endophragm.
Wall features: Body uniformly ornamented with one or two types of features - punctoreticulate, granulate, finely hirsute, conate, clavate, spinate - which may be densely arranged or scatterd. Low parasutural features may be present on the epicyst.
Archaeopyle: Types (4AI)@ or (5A)@, principal archaeopyle suture zigzag, accessory archaeopyle sutures rarely absent. Operculum typically small relative to cyst diameter, OW/CD ratio less than 0.5, usually between 0.4 and 0.4.
Paratabulation: Expressed mainly by archaeopyle suture, rarely and additionally by generally incomplete parasutural features on opercula; formula for epicyst: 0-2pr?, 4`, 1a, 6`` or, 0-2 pr?, 5`, 6``; paratabulation for hypocyst not known.
Paracingulum: Not indicated or expressed occasionally by vague alignment of ornamentation features in the equatorial area.
Parasulcus: Not indicared.
Size: Small to intermediate, about 40 - 70 µm in diameter.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Kallosphaeridium de Coninck, 1969, emend. Jan du Chêne et al., 1985a, was emended by Jan du Chêne et al. (1985a, p.8) as follows, cysts proximate, subspherical, without processes, septa or prominent ridges; body composed of endophragm and periphragm or undifferentiated autophragm; body variously ornamented with features of low to moderate relief, ornamentation the same or of two different types on individual specimens; archeopyle type [4AI]@ or [5A]@, operculum typically small relative to cyst diameter, OW/CD ratio 0.5 or less; paratabulation indicated generally by principal and accessory archeopyle sutures only, additionally and rarely by low parasutural features; formula for epicyst 0-2pr?, 4`, 1a, 6", or 0-2pr?, 5`, 6", hypocystal paratabulation not indicated.