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Manumiella
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Manumiella, Bujak and Davies, 1983, p. 160; Emendations: Fensome et al. 2009, p. 43; Thorn et al., 2009, p. 439.
Marshall (1988, p.205) considered Isabelidinium to be the possible taxonomic senior synonym of this genus. Lentin and Williams, 1989, retained Manumiella as a separate genus.
Type species: originally as Broomea seelandica, Lange, 1969 (pl.3, fig.3)] ; Manumiella seelandica, Bujak and Davies 1983
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Original description: [Bujak and Davies, 1983]:
Description:
Sporopollenin cysts with a pericyst ambitus that is subrhombic to subcircular; apex bluntly rounded or sometimes prolonged into a sharply terminating horn. Shoulder index from -2 to 0. Antapex bluntly rounded with slight horn development, the left horn being larger than the right. The pericyst may be expanded laterally to form two horns in the cingular region. Endocyst ambitus oblate-oval to circular. Pericoel circumcavate with dorsoventral contact of the periphragm and endophragm. The cyst is strongly compressed dorsoventrally. Periphragm laevigate to granulate. Endophragm laevigate to scabrate. Tabulation is not well delineated except for the archeopyle. Archeopyle I or la, iso- to latideltaform hexa 2a, approaching a quadra style. The archeopyle sutures H3 and H5 are strongly reduced and H1 and H4 are almost equal. The archeopyle sigma is less than 0.2. The operculum is hinged posteriorly along side H4 when attached.
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Modified description:
Stover and Williams, 1987, p. 155:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate, circumcavate. compressed dorsoventrally; pericyst outline elongate-elliptical, subcircular to subquadrate, with or without an apical horn and with one or two short antapical horns; endocyst outline circular to elliptical and more or less centered within the pericyst; archeopyle intercalary, types I or l@, (2a), opercular outline iso- or latideltaform.
Description:
Shape: Cysts compressed dorso-ventrally, pericyst longitudinally elongate-elliptical, subcircular to subquadrate in outline; apical and antapical horns generally weakly developed and one or more may be absent.
Wall relationships: Circumcavate, endocyst elliptical to circular in outline and more or less centered within the pericyst.
Wall features: Periphragm smooth to granulate; endophragm smooth to scabrate.
Archeopyle: Intercalary, types I or l@, 2a only; when adnate, attachment is posterior; opercular outline iso- or lati-deltaform.
Paratabulation: Expressed usually by archeopyle only.
Paracingulum: Not indicated or expressed by faint, linear, transverse markings or folds.
Parasulcus: Not indicated.
Size: Intermediate to large, overall length about 45 to 125 µm.
Affinities:
The genus Manumiella is characterized by having well-developed circumcavate pericoels and a lati-deltaform or occasionally iso-deltaform hexa 2a plate that forms the operculum of the 1(2a) archeopyle and approaches a quadra style. The genus Isabelidinium differs from Manumiella in forming an omegaform 1(2a) archeopyle and in having bicavate pericoels. Amphidiadema differs in possessing strongly developed shoulders and a bicavate pericoel. Alterbia [now Alterbidinium] differs in forming a steno-deltaform 1(2a) archeopyle and in possessing a well-developed cingulum and left antapical horn. Eucladinium and Nelsoniella differ in possessing an antapically displaced endocyst and in lacking laterally expanded pericoels. Eurydinium differs in having a more elongate endocyst, a more isodiametric 1(2a) archeopyle, an oval pericyst ambitus, and more poorly developed pericoels. Rhombodinium differs in forming a soleiform quadra 1(2a) archeopyle.
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Emended descriptions:
Fensome et al., 2009:
Description:
Peridiniacean (deflandreoid) cysts that are proximate, roundly biconical, with one apical and one symmetrically disposed antapical prominence. Bicavate to (typically) circumcavate. Surface smooth or with ornament of low relief. Periarchaeopyle intercalary, with formula I2a, operculum free; plate 2a is generally isodeltaform to isothetaform hexa.
Remarks:
The above emended diagnosis can also serve as a synopsis. Manumiella is restricted here to forms with one symmetrical antapical prominence and an isodeltaform, isothetaform, or rarely stenothetaform archaeopyle. Otherwise, as Marshall (1988) implied, Manumiella would have substantial overlap with Isabelidinium — and also with Cerodinium. As defined herein, however, both Isabelidinium and Cerodinium have two antapical prominences but archaeopyles that can be isodeltaform or isothetaform.
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Thorn et al., 2009:
Diagnosis:
The original generic diagnosis of Bujak and Davies (1983, p. 160) is emended here to allow the inclusion of forms with a single layer of mesophragm. Hence, a single mesophragm may or may not be present in Manumiella.
Discussion:
Representatives of Manumiella bertodano sp. nov., M. conorata (Stover 1973) Bujak and Davies 1983, M. druggii (Stover 1973) Bujak and Davies 1983, M. seelandica (Lange 1969) Bujak and Davies 1983 emend. Firth 1987, and transitional forms from Seymour Island exhibit a thin layer of mesophragm, hence the generic diagnosis needs emending to incorporate this feature (Plate I, figs. 1–3, 5–11, 13 and Plate II, figs. 1, 2, 4–6). Mesophragm is a relatively rare morphological element that refers to any intermediate cyst layers between the endophragm and the periphragm. In the samples examined the least folded and therefore the easiest specimens to observe and photograph commonly exhibited a mesophragm, which presumably increased the robustness of the cyst and retained its original outline. A mesophragm was not observed in any specimens of M. seymourensis Askin (1999) in these samples. Habib and Saeedi (2007, pl. I, fig. 1) also noted a three-layered wall in M. druggii/seelandica from a KT section in New Jersey. Similarly, Soncini and Rauscher (1990, pl. 1, fig.12) observed three wall layers in Lower Palaeocene M. cf. seelandica from Morocco.
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Manumiella Bujak and Davies, 1983. Generic diagnosis from Bujak and Davies, 1983, p.160) Sporopollenin cysts with a pericyst ambitus that is subrhombic to subcircular; apex bluntly rounded or sometimes prolonged into a sharply terminating horn. Shoulder index from -2 to 0. Antapex bluntly rounded with slight horn development, the left horn being larger than the right. The pericyst may be expanded laterally to form two horns in the cingular region. Endocyst ambitus oblate-oval to circular. Pericoel circumcavate with dorsoventral contact of the periphragm and endophragm. The cyst is strongly compressed dorsoventrally. Periphragm laevigate to granulate. Endophragm laevigate to scabrate. Tabulation is not well delineated except for the archeopyle. Archeopyle I or Ia, iso- to lati-deltaform hexa 2a, approaching a quadra style. The archeopyle sutures H3 and H5 are strongly reduced and H1 an H4 are almost equal. The archeopyle sigma is less than 0.2. The operculum is hinged posteriorly along the H4 side when attached. Manumiella is characterized by having well-developed circumcavate pericoels and a lati-deltaform or occasionally iso-deltaform hexa 2a plate that forms the operculum of the I(2a) archeopyle and approaches a quadra style. The emendation of Isabelidinium by Marshall (1988) makes that genus a taxonomic senior synonym of Manumiella.
[Manumiella, Bujak and Davies, 1983, p. 160; Emendations: Fensome et al. 2009, p. 43; Thorn et al., 2009, p. 439.
Marshall (1988, p.205) considered Isabelidinium to be the possible taxonomic senior synonym of this genus. Lentin and Williams, 1989, retained Manumiella as a separate genus.
Type species: originally as Broomea seelandica, Lange, 1969 (pl.3, fig.3)] ; Manumiella seelandica, Bujak and Davies 1983
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Bujak and Davies, 1983]:
Description:
Sporopollenin cysts with a pericyst ambitus that is subrhombic to subcircular; apex bluntly rounded or sometimes prolonged into a sharply terminating horn. Shoulder index from -2 to 0. Antapex bluntly rounded with slight horn development, the left horn being larger than the right. The pericyst may be expanded laterally to form two horns in the cingular region. Endocyst ambitus oblate-oval to circular. Pericoel circumcavate with dorsoventral contact of the periphragm and endophragm. The cyst is strongly compressed dorsoventrally. Periphragm laevigate to granulate. Endophragm laevigate to scabrate. Tabulation is not well delineated except for the archeopyle. Archeopyle I or la, iso- to latideltaform hexa 2a, approaching a quadra style. The archeopyle sutures H3 and H5 are strongly reduced and H1 and H4 are almost equal. The archeopyle sigma is less than 0.2. The operculum is hinged posteriorly along side H4 when attached.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modified description:
Stover and Williams, 1987, p. 155:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate, circumcavate. compressed dorsoventrally; pericyst outline elongate-elliptical, subcircular to subquadrate, with or without an apical horn and with one or two short antapical horns; endocyst outline circular to elliptical and more or less centered within the pericyst; archeopyle intercalary, types I or l@, (2a), opercular outline iso- or latideltaform.
Description:
Shape: Cysts compressed dorso-ventrally, pericyst longitudinally elongate-elliptical, subcircular to subquadrate in outline; apical and antapical horns generally weakly developed and one or more may be absent.
Wall relationships: Circumcavate, endocyst elliptical to circular in outline and more or less centered within the pericyst.
Wall features: Periphragm smooth to granulate; endophragm smooth to scabrate.
Archeopyle: Intercalary, types I or l@, 2a only; when adnate, attachment is posterior; opercular outline iso- or lati-deltaform.
Paratabulation: Expressed usually by archeopyle only.
Paracingulum: Not indicated or expressed by faint, linear, transverse markings or folds.
Parasulcus: Not indicated.
Size: Intermediate to large, overall length about 45 to 125 µm.
Affinities:
The genus Manumiella is characterized by having well-developed circumcavate pericoels and a lati-deltaform or occasionally iso-deltaform hexa 2a plate that forms the operculum of the 1(2a) archeopyle and approaches a quadra style. The genus Isabelidinium differs from Manumiella in forming an omegaform 1(2a) archeopyle and in having bicavate pericoels. Amphidiadema differs in possessing strongly developed shoulders and a bicavate pericoel. Alterbia [now Alterbidinium] differs in forming a steno-deltaform 1(2a) archeopyle and in possessing a well-developed cingulum and left antapical horn. Eucladinium and Nelsoniella differ in possessing an antapically displaced endocyst and in lacking laterally expanded pericoels. Eurydinium differs in having a more elongate endocyst, a more isodiametric 1(2a) archeopyle, an oval pericyst ambitus, and more poorly developed pericoels. Rhombodinium differs in forming a soleiform quadra 1(2a) archeopyle.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emended descriptions:
Fensome et al., 2009:
Description:
Peridiniacean (deflandreoid) cysts that are proximate, roundly biconical, with one apical and one symmetrically disposed antapical prominence. Bicavate to (typically) circumcavate. Surface smooth or with ornament of low relief. Periarchaeopyle intercalary, with formula I2a, operculum free; plate 2a is generally isodeltaform to isothetaform hexa.
Remarks:
The above emended diagnosis can also serve as a synopsis. Manumiella is restricted here to forms with one symmetrical antapical prominence and an isodeltaform, isothetaform, or rarely stenothetaform archaeopyle. Otherwise, as Marshall (1988) implied, Manumiella would have substantial overlap with Isabelidinium — and also with Cerodinium. As defined herein, however, both Isabelidinium and Cerodinium have two antapical prominences but archaeopyles that can be isodeltaform or isothetaform.
-----------------------------------
Thorn et al., 2009:
Diagnosis:
The original generic diagnosis of Bujak and Davies (1983, p. 160) is emended here to allow the inclusion of forms with a single layer of mesophragm. Hence, a single mesophragm may or may not be present in Manumiella.
Discussion:
Representatives of Manumiella bertodano sp. nov., M. conorata (Stover 1973) Bujak and Davies 1983, M. druggii (Stover 1973) Bujak and Davies 1983, M. seelandica (Lange 1969) Bujak and Davies 1983 emend. Firth 1987, and transitional forms from Seymour Island exhibit a thin layer of mesophragm, hence the generic diagnosis needs emending to incorporate this feature (Plate I, figs. 1–3, 5–11, 13 and Plate II, figs. 1, 2, 4–6). Mesophragm is a relatively rare morphological element that refers to any intermediate cyst layers between the endophragm and the periphragm. In the samples examined the least folded and therefore the easiest specimens to observe and photograph commonly exhibited a mesophragm, which presumably increased the robustness of the cyst and retained its original outline. A mesophragm was not observed in any specimens of M. seymourensis Askin (1999) in these samples. Habib and Saeedi (2007, pl. I, fig. 1) also noted a three-layered wall in M. druggii/seelandica from a KT section in New Jersey. Similarly, Soncini and Rauscher (1990, pl. 1, fig.12) observed three wall layers in Lower Palaeocene M. cf. seelandica from Morocco.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Manumiella Bujak and Davies, 1983. Generic diagnosis from Bujak and Davies, 1983, p.160) Sporopollenin cysts with a pericyst ambitus that is subrhombic to subcircular; apex bluntly rounded or sometimes prolonged into a sharply terminating horn. Shoulder index from -2 to 0. Antapex bluntly rounded with slight horn development, the left horn being larger than the right. The pericyst may be expanded laterally to form two horns in the cingular region. Endocyst ambitus oblate-oval to circular. Pericoel circumcavate with dorsoventral contact of the periphragm and endophragm. The cyst is strongly compressed dorsoventrally. Periphragm laevigate to granulate. Endophragm laevigate to scabrate. Tabulation is not well delineated except for the archeopyle. Archeopyle I or Ia, iso- to lati-deltaform hexa 2a, approaching a quadra style. The archeopyle sutures H3 and H5 are strongly reduced and H1 an H4 are almost equal. The archeopyle sigma is less than 0.2. The operculum is hinged posteriorly along the H4 side when attached. Manumiella is characterized by having well-developed circumcavate pericoels and a lati-deltaform or occasionally iso-deltaform hexa 2a plate that forms the operculum of the I(2a) archeopyle and approaches a quadra style. The emendation of Isabelidinium by Marshall (1988) makes that genus a taxonomic senior synonym of Manumiella.