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Protobatioladinium
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Protobatioladinium, Nøhr-Hansen, 1986, p. 36-37
Type species: Protobatioladinium westburiense, Nøhr-Hansen, 1986 (pl.3, fig.5; text-fig.7)]
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Original description: [Nøhr-Hansen, 1986]:
Diagnosis:
The genus includes ovoidal to elongate, proximate cysts with an elongate slender apical horn abruptly rising apically from the cyst. Two small bulges occur antapically. The cysts are thin walled and therefore often folded and strongly compressed. Maximum width occurs in the paracingular region. The archeopyle is compound, type (tA)(2I), and forms a distinct sulcal notch.
Affinities:
Protobatioladinium gen. nov. differs from Broomea, Gochteodinia, Pareodinia, Aprobolocysta, Kalyptea and Cantulodinium in the possession of two small rounded bulges antapically and/or in the possession of a compound intercallary/apical archeopyle. Protobatioladinium gen. nov. is very similar to Batioladinium Brideaux (1975) in general outline and with respect to the presence of a distinct sulcal notch. but differs in the possession of a compound tA2I archeopyle in contrast to a tA type. Protobatioladinium gen. nov. differs from Imbatodinium Vozzhennikova (1967) emend . Dorhofer & Davies (1980) in the possession of a distinct sulcal notch in contrast to a distinct dorsal notch. In addition, the shape of the anterior intercalary paraplates involved in the archeopyle formation in each genus is very different. Similarly, Protobatioladinium gen. nov. differs from Imbatodinium Vozzhennikova (1967) emend. Mehrotra & Sarjeant (1984) in the possession of a distinct sulcal notch. Mehrotra & Sarjeant illustrate only dorsal notches on all specimens of 1. fractum Mehrotra & Sarjeant (fig. 1 a e Plate 1 figs. 1-7 & Plate 2 figs. 1-7) which demonstrate all possible variations of plate combinations in the compound archeopyle comprising precingular, anterior intercalary and apical paraplates. Davey (1982) and Evitt (1985) are followed in their retention of the genus Batioladinium Brideaux 1975 because the present author is not convinced that all the species which Dorhofer & Davies (1980) and later Mehrotra & Sarjeant (1984) transferred to the genus Imbatodinium have a compound archeopyle of type tA2I. For example, Dorhofer & Davies do not prove or illustrate that the type species of Batioladinium, B. jaergeri (Alberti) Brideaux, has an archeopyle of the Imbatodinium type. Mehrotra & Sarjeant agree with the conclusions of Dorhofer & Davis concerning the genus Batioladinium and transfer, in addition, B. pomum Davey (1982) and B. radiculatum Davey (1982) into the genus Imbatodinium. This transference is based only on interpretation of the illustrations of Davey (1982). Protobatioladinium could be a transitional form between genera with an intercalary archeopyle, for example Pareodinia and genera with an apical archeopyle, for example, Batioladinium. I believe that the above-mentioned rejection of the genus Batioladinium is based on insufficient data (illustrations) without exact proof that all Batioladinium species have a compound archeopyle (tA2I).
Protobatioladinium westburiensis sp. nov. indicate the possibility of Batioladinium species possessing a tA archeopyle of a shape very similar to the shape of the tA2I archeopyle in the genus Imbatodinium.
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Protobatioladinium Nøhr-Hansen, 1986. Diagnosis from Nøhr-Hansen (1986, p.36): The genus includes ovoidal to elongate, proximate cysts with an elongate slender apical horn abruptly rising apically from the cyst. Two small bulges occur antapically. The cysts are thin-walled and therefore often folded and strongly compressed. Maximum width occurs in the paracingular region. The archeopyle is compound, type (tA)(2I), and forms a distinct sulcal notch.
[Protobatioladinium, Nøhr-Hansen, 1986, p. 36-37
Type species: Protobatioladinium westburiense, Nøhr-Hansen, 1986 (pl.3, fig.5; text-fig.7)]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Nøhr-Hansen, 1986]:
Diagnosis:
The genus includes ovoidal to elongate, proximate cysts with an elongate slender apical horn abruptly rising apically from the cyst. Two small bulges occur antapically. The cysts are thin walled and therefore often folded and strongly compressed. Maximum width occurs in the paracingular region. The archeopyle is compound, type (tA)(2I), and forms a distinct sulcal notch.
Affinities:
Protobatioladinium gen. nov. differs from Broomea, Gochteodinia, Pareodinia, Aprobolocysta, Kalyptea and Cantulodinium in the possession of two small rounded bulges antapically and/or in the possession of a compound intercallary/apical archeopyle. Protobatioladinium gen. nov. is very similar to Batioladinium Brideaux (1975) in general outline and with respect to the presence of a distinct sulcal notch. but differs in the possession of a compound tA2I archeopyle in contrast to a tA type. Protobatioladinium gen. nov. differs from Imbatodinium Vozzhennikova (1967) emend . Dorhofer & Davies (1980) in the possession of a distinct sulcal notch in contrast to a distinct dorsal notch. In addition, the shape of the anterior intercalary paraplates involved in the archeopyle formation in each genus is very different. Similarly, Protobatioladinium gen. nov. differs from Imbatodinium Vozzhennikova (1967) emend. Mehrotra & Sarjeant (1984) in the possession of a distinct sulcal notch. Mehrotra & Sarjeant illustrate only dorsal notches on all specimens of 1. fractum Mehrotra & Sarjeant (fig. 1 a e Plate 1 figs. 1-7 & Plate 2 figs. 1-7) which demonstrate all possible variations of plate combinations in the compound archeopyle comprising precingular, anterior intercalary and apical paraplates. Davey (1982) and Evitt (1985) are followed in their retention of the genus Batioladinium Brideaux 1975 because the present author is not convinced that all the species which Dorhofer & Davies (1980) and later Mehrotra & Sarjeant (1984) transferred to the genus Imbatodinium have a compound archeopyle of type tA2I. For example, Dorhofer & Davies do not prove or illustrate that the type species of Batioladinium, B. jaergeri (Alberti) Brideaux, has an archeopyle of the Imbatodinium type. Mehrotra & Sarjeant agree with the conclusions of Dorhofer & Davis concerning the genus Batioladinium and transfer, in addition, B. pomum Davey (1982) and B. radiculatum Davey (1982) into the genus Imbatodinium. This transference is based only on interpretation of the illustrations of Davey (1982). Protobatioladinium could be a transitional form between genera with an intercalary archeopyle, for example Pareodinia and genera with an apical archeopyle, for example, Batioladinium. I believe that the above-mentioned rejection of the genus Batioladinium is based on insufficient data (illustrations) without exact proof that all Batioladinium species have a compound archeopyle (tA2I).
Protobatioladinium westburiensis sp. nov. indicate the possibility of Batioladinium species possessing a tA archeopyle of a shape very similar to the shape of the tA2I archeopyle in the genus Imbatodinium.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Protobatioladinium Nøhr-Hansen, 1986. Diagnosis from Nøhr-Hansen (1986, p.36): The genus includes ovoidal to elongate, proximate cysts with an elongate slender apical horn abruptly rising apically from the cyst. Two small bulges occur antapically. The cysts are thin-walled and therefore often folded and strongly compressed. Maximum width occurs in the paracingular region. The archeopyle is compound, type (tA)(2I), and forms a distinct sulcal notch.