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Turbiosphaera
From Williams et al., 2017:
Turbiosphaera, Archangelsky, 1969a, p. 408
Type species: originally as Cordosphaeridium filosum, Wilson, 1976, (figs.2b,32)]; Turbiosphaera filosa, Archangelsky, 1969
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Original description: [Archangelsky, 1969]: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 198):
Diagnosis:
Subspherical to suboval chorate cysts, with two-layered central body. Periphragm forming typically taeniate processes reflecting a tabulation 1`, 6``, 6c, 6```, (1p), 1````. Apical and antapical processes bigger than the others, cingular processes smaller than the others. Archeopyle precingular with entire margins, formed by the detachment of plate 3``.
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Modified description:
Stover and Evitt 1978, p. 198:
Synopsis:
Cyst skolochorate, body ellipsoidal, bearing mainly fibrous and irregularly shaped intratabular processes, of which the apical and antapical processes are larger than the others, and those of the paracingulum commonly form a shelflike ridge. Paratabulation gonyaulacacean, indicated by processes and by archeopyle; latter precingular, Type P.
Description:
Shape: Body ellipsoidal.
Wall relationships: Endophragm and periphragm appressed between processes.
Wall features: No parasutural features. Intratabular processes irregularly shaped, usually with expanded bases and tips, and with uneven to deeply incised distal margins; processes loosely fibrous, the apical and antapical ones being larger (wider and slightly longer) than the others. In addition to intratabular processes, scattered small spines and processes may be present, as well as an equatorial shelflike ridge.
Paratabulation: Indicated by intratabular processes and by archeopyle; gonyaulacacean, process formula: 1-4`, 6``, X-6c, 5-6```, 1p, 1````; wide-based apical process may represent the fusion of two or more apical processes.
Archeopyle: Precingular, Type P (3`` only); operculum free.
Paracingulum: Indicated by a transverse shelflike ridge, which may be subdivided to the extent that individual segments are completely separated and form distinct processes.
Parasulcus: Not indicated, or possibly indicated by a few small isolated processes.
Size: Intermediate to large.
Affinities:
Turbiosphaera differs from Fibrocysta in having wider and flatter processes, especially in the apical and antapical areas, in having its paracingulum expressed by a shelflike structure rather than tubular processes, and in having smaller processes and spines scattered among the larger precingular and postcingular processes.
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Eisenack, 1964, p. 1092: (Translation Eisenack, 1964: LPP):
Affinities:
Turbiosphaera differs from Cordosphaeridium in having "taeniate" processes of varying length, from Cannosphaeropsis in having antapical-apical processes as well as the cingular and pre-, post-cingulars that differ in length.
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Turbiosphaera Archangelsky, 1969a. Synopsis from Stover and Evitt (1978, p.198). Cysts skolochorate, body ellipsoidal, bearing mainly fibrous and irregularly shaped intratabular processes, of which the apical and antapical processes are larger than the others, and those of the paracingulum commonly form a shelflike ridge. Paratabulation gonyaulacacean, indicated by processes and by archeopyle; latter precingular, type P.
Turbiosphaera, Archangelsky, 1969a, p. 408
Type species: originally as Cordosphaeridium filosum, Wilson, 1976, (figs.2b,32)]; Turbiosphaera filosa, Archangelsky, 1969
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Archangelsky, 1969]: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 198):
Diagnosis:
Subspherical to suboval chorate cysts, with two-layered central body. Periphragm forming typically taeniate processes reflecting a tabulation 1`, 6``, 6c, 6```, (1p), 1````. Apical and antapical processes bigger than the others, cingular processes smaller than the others. Archeopyle precingular with entire margins, formed by the detachment of plate 3``.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modified description:
Stover and Evitt 1978, p. 198:
Synopsis:
Cyst skolochorate, body ellipsoidal, bearing mainly fibrous and irregularly shaped intratabular processes, of which the apical and antapical processes are larger than the others, and those of the paracingulum commonly form a shelflike ridge. Paratabulation gonyaulacacean, indicated by processes and by archeopyle; latter precingular, Type P.
Description:
Shape: Body ellipsoidal.
Wall relationships: Endophragm and periphragm appressed between processes.
Wall features: No parasutural features. Intratabular processes irregularly shaped, usually with expanded bases and tips, and with uneven to deeply incised distal margins; processes loosely fibrous, the apical and antapical ones being larger (wider and slightly longer) than the others. In addition to intratabular processes, scattered small spines and processes may be present, as well as an equatorial shelflike ridge.
Paratabulation: Indicated by intratabular processes and by archeopyle; gonyaulacacean, process formula: 1-4`, 6``, X-6c, 5-6```, 1p, 1````; wide-based apical process may represent the fusion of two or more apical processes.
Archeopyle: Precingular, Type P (3`` only); operculum free.
Paracingulum: Indicated by a transverse shelflike ridge, which may be subdivided to the extent that individual segments are completely separated and form distinct processes.
Parasulcus: Not indicated, or possibly indicated by a few small isolated processes.
Size: Intermediate to large.
Affinities:
Turbiosphaera differs from Fibrocysta in having wider and flatter processes, especially in the apical and antapical areas, in having its paracingulum expressed by a shelflike structure rather than tubular processes, and in having smaller processes and spines scattered among the larger precingular and postcingular processes.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Eisenack, 1964, p. 1092: (Translation Eisenack, 1964: LPP):
Affinities:
Turbiosphaera differs from Cordosphaeridium in having "taeniate" processes of varying length, from Cannosphaeropsis in having antapical-apical processes as well as the cingular and pre-, post-cingulars that differ in length.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Turbiosphaera Archangelsky, 1969a. Synopsis from Stover and Evitt (1978, p.198). Cysts skolochorate, body ellipsoidal, bearing mainly fibrous and irregularly shaped intratabular processes, of which the apical and antapical processes are larger than the others, and those of the paracingulum commonly form a shelflike ridge. Paratabulation gonyaulacacean, indicated by processes and by archeopyle; latter precingular, type P.