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Castellodinium
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Castellodinium, Williams et al., 2015, p. 301–302.
Type species: Wilsonidium compactum, Michoux, 1988 (pl.1, figs.1–3; text-figs.13A–B)]
Stratigraphic occurrence: typically occurs in the Middle Eocene (Lutetian), but probably extends into the Late Eocene or even the Early Oligocene.
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Original description: [Williams et al., 2015]:
Diagnosis:
Wetzelielloidean cysts with a soleiform archeopyle and pericyst ornamentation that is conspicuously sutural to penitabular.
Description:
Shape: Dorso-ventral outline of pericyst rhomboidal to pentagonal in outline, horns moderately well developed. Dorso-ventral outline of endocyst rounded quadrangular.
Wall structure: Periphragm thin, with processes relatively short (for example, up to 6 μm in the type; Michoux 1988 and sutural to penitabular in distribution; process tips blunt or capitate, distally free. Endophragm thin, with granular ornamentation. Pericoels. Cysts circumcavate.
Tabulation: Fully delineated by processes on pericyst.
Archeopyle: Soleiform, Periarcheopyle operculum generally attached along anterior margin. Endoarcheopyle with operculum attached when observed.
Furrows. Cingulum variably expressed by one or two rows of sutural processes; sulcus also variably expressed.
Dimensions:
Intermediate to large.
The holotype of Castellodinium compactum has a pericyst length of 99 μm and a width of 90 μm.
Affinities/Discussion:
Other genera with a soleiform archeopyle are Michouxdinium, Rhombodinium, Talladinium and Wetzeliella. Michouxdinium has trabeculate processes; Rhombodinium is characterised by a pericyst that is smooth or is ornamented only with features of low relief; species of Talladinium have processes that are distally united by an ectophragm; and Wetzeliella has processes that are distally free. Genera that also have sutural to penitabular ornamentation are Dolichodinium, Stichodinium, Vallodinium and Wilsonidium. Dolichodinium may be distinguished on the basis of its hypersoleiform archeopyle, while Stichodinium, Vallodinium and Wilsonidium have hypersoleiform, equiepeliform and hyperepeliform archeopyles, respectively.
[Castellodinium, Williams et al., 2015, p. 301–302.
Type species: Wilsonidium compactum, Michoux, 1988 (pl.1, figs.1–3; text-figs.13A–B)]
Stratigraphic occurrence: typically occurs in the Middle Eocene (Lutetian), but probably extends into the Late Eocene or even the Early Oligocene.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Williams et al., 2015]:
Diagnosis:
Wetzelielloidean cysts with a soleiform archeopyle and pericyst ornamentation that is conspicuously sutural to penitabular.
Description:
Shape: Dorso-ventral outline of pericyst rhomboidal to pentagonal in outline, horns moderately well developed. Dorso-ventral outline of endocyst rounded quadrangular.
Wall structure: Periphragm thin, with processes relatively short (for example, up to 6 μm in the type; Michoux 1988 and sutural to penitabular in distribution; process tips blunt or capitate, distally free. Endophragm thin, with granular ornamentation. Pericoels. Cysts circumcavate.
Tabulation: Fully delineated by processes on pericyst.
Archeopyle: Soleiform, Periarcheopyle operculum generally attached along anterior margin. Endoarcheopyle with operculum attached when observed.
Furrows. Cingulum variably expressed by one or two rows of sutural processes; sulcus also variably expressed.
Dimensions:
Intermediate to large.
The holotype of Castellodinium compactum has a pericyst length of 99 μm and a width of 90 μm.
Affinities/Discussion:
Other genera with a soleiform archeopyle are Michouxdinium, Rhombodinium, Talladinium and Wetzeliella. Michouxdinium has trabeculate processes; Rhombodinium is characterised by a pericyst that is smooth or is ornamented only with features of low relief; species of Talladinium have processes that are distally united by an ectophragm; and Wetzeliella has processes that are distally free. Genera that also have sutural to penitabular ornamentation are Dolichodinium, Stichodinium, Vallodinium and Wilsonidium. Dolichodinium may be distinguished on the basis of its hypersoleiform archeopyle, while Stichodinium, Vallodinium and Wilsonidium have hypersoleiform, equiepeliform and hyperepeliform archeopyles, respectively.