Back
Kledodinium
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Kledodinium, Williams et al., 2015, p. 305–306.
Type species: Kisselevia stellata (now Kledodinium filosum), Damassa, 1979a (pl.7, figs.4–7)]
Stratigraphic occurrence: Early Eocene (Ypresian) to Middle Eocene (early? Lutetian).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Williams et al., 2015]:
Diagnosis:
Wetzelielloidean cysts with a latiepeliform archeopyle and and pericyst with processes that are distally trabeculate.
Description:
Shape: Dorso-ventral outline of pericyst rhomboidal, horns moderately well developed. Dorso-ventral outline of endocyst rounded to rhomboidal. Horns, other than the right antapical, are generally of the same length.
Wall structure: Periphragm moderately thick, ornamented with penitabular processes or occasional intratabular processes; processes distally connected by trabecula. Endophragm thin, smooth.
Pericoels: Cysts minimally circumcavate to cornucavate.
Tabulation: Delineated by the distally trabeculate processes, which are generally restricted to penitabular areas, forming simulate complexes. Archeopyle: Latiepeliform, with no or minimal extension into apical pericoel, operculum free. Endoarcheopyle of same size or smaller than periarcheopyle, operculum free.
Furrows: Cingulum expressed by single row of trabeculate processes; sulcus devoid of processes.
Size: Large.
Affinities/Discussion:
Other genera with latiepeliform archeopyles are Dracodinium, Petalodinium, Piladinium and Stichodinium. The periphragm of Dracodinium has processes that are more or less uniform in distribution and distally free. Petalodinium has a periphragm that is smooth or ornamented with features of low relief and that are usually nontabular. Piladinium has a membranous ectophragm and Stichodinium differs in having a periphragm with reduced ornamentation or free-standing processes, both of which may be sutural and/or penitabular. Other wetzelielloidean genera with trabeculate processes are Michouxdinium, Sagenodinium and Sophismatia, but none of these have a latiepeliform archeopyle. Michouxdinium has a soleate archeopyle; Sagenodinium has a hyperepeliform archeopyle and Sophismatia has an equiepeliform archeopyle. This genus is typified by a new species, Kledodinium filosum, based on specimens that Damassa (1979) assigned to Kisselovia stellata. For her material, Damassa recorded an overall pericyst length of 132-170 µm, an overall pericyst width of 121-157 µm, an overall endocyst length of 92-119 µm, and an overall endocyst width of 84-108 µm.
[Kledodinium, Williams et al., 2015, p. 305–306.
Type species: Kisselevia stellata (now Kledodinium filosum), Damassa, 1979a (pl.7, figs.4–7)]
Stratigraphic occurrence: Early Eocene (Ypresian) to Middle Eocene (early? Lutetian).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Williams et al., 2015]:
Diagnosis:
Wetzelielloidean cysts with a latiepeliform archeopyle and and pericyst with processes that are distally trabeculate.
Description:
Shape: Dorso-ventral outline of pericyst rhomboidal, horns moderately well developed. Dorso-ventral outline of endocyst rounded to rhomboidal. Horns, other than the right antapical, are generally of the same length.
Wall structure: Periphragm moderately thick, ornamented with penitabular processes or occasional intratabular processes; processes distally connected by trabecula. Endophragm thin, smooth.
Pericoels: Cysts minimally circumcavate to cornucavate.
Tabulation: Delineated by the distally trabeculate processes, which are generally restricted to penitabular areas, forming simulate complexes. Archeopyle: Latiepeliform, with no or minimal extension into apical pericoel, operculum free. Endoarcheopyle of same size or smaller than periarcheopyle, operculum free.
Furrows: Cingulum expressed by single row of trabeculate processes; sulcus devoid of processes.
Size: Large.
Affinities/Discussion:
Other genera with latiepeliform archeopyles are Dracodinium, Petalodinium, Piladinium and Stichodinium. The periphragm of Dracodinium has processes that are more or less uniform in distribution and distally free. Petalodinium has a periphragm that is smooth or ornamented with features of low relief and that are usually nontabular. Piladinium has a membranous ectophragm and Stichodinium differs in having a periphragm with reduced ornamentation or free-standing processes, both of which may be sutural and/or penitabular. Other wetzelielloidean genera with trabeculate processes are Michouxdinium, Sagenodinium and Sophismatia, but none of these have a latiepeliform archeopyle. Michouxdinium has a soleate archeopyle; Sagenodinium has a hyperepeliform archeopyle and Sophismatia has an equiepeliform archeopyle. This genus is typified by a new species, Kledodinium filosum, based on specimens that Damassa (1979) assigned to Kisselovia stellata. For her material, Damassa recorded an overall pericyst length of 132-170 µm, an overall pericyst width of 121-157 µm, an overall endocyst length of 92-119 µm, and an overall endocyst width of 84-108 µm.